"Universal History" vs. "Reflective" History: a Critique of
In "Universal History," Kant proposes nine theses that creates an idea of universal history-- history which allows people to discover freedom of the will and to develop and progress to each specie's capacity or each human's "unknown natural end." (Kant, 17) Hegel, in "Reason in History," also discusses the nature of history by presenting three methods of analyzing history: Original History, Reflective History, and Philosophical History. Both philosophers believe that history brings us towards reason, and is a process that transcends or goes beyond the control of human -- whether in form of the 'spirit' or simply by natural laws of nature. Applying Hegel's "reflective history" to Kant's propositions of "Universal History" shows that within the 4 types of reflective history, pragmatic history can be compared to Kant's second thesis; fragmentary history and critical history both share similar concepts with the ninth thesis of "Universal History"; and Hegel's idea of the 'spirit' also seem to have the same purpose as what Kant believes are nature's natural laws-- leading individuals towards enlightenment and reason. Kant's second proposition states that "reason...requires trial, practice, and instruction in order to gradually p
It is the unknown that is written which is believed to be true and satisfies what humans want to believe as the truth and what Kant believes that is nature's natural law. One difference that Hegel may have is that he believes "one reflective history, therefore, supersedes another. Fragmentary history is "abstractive," but it is also a way of accepting universal view points. Both philosophers stress this concept throughout their writings. " (Kant, 30) It is a "justification of nature," a way of accepting and creating a particular way of viewing the world. Furthermore, another part of the ninth thesis that Hegel's critical history can be applied to is where Kant states that people "will treasure the history of the most ancient times . rogress from one stage of insight to another. in spirit," (Hegel,6) and Kant's 'universal history' and path to reason is achieved simply because of nature's natural laws (human nature). It creates a connection between the conceptual history and reality. nullifies the past and makes the event present. (Kant ,18) It is a guiding threat that brings human closer and closer to enlightenment, and because it is what we call "human nature," it becomes something out of human control--it becomes inevitable. " (Kant,18) This plan of nature, according to the third thesis, is only concerned with men "bring himself to the point where his conducts makes him worthy of life and well-being.
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