The death of King Richard III at the battle of Bosworth's Field began the reign of the Tudors. During this period comes the reign of some of the most interesting individuals in the history of the English monarchy. One of the most crucial and influential figures during the Tudor monarchies is Henry VIII.1
             The accession of Henry VIII to the throne in 1509 brings forth the beginning of a unique form of aristocracy to the English throne. Henry VIII was endowed with outstanding mental and physical gifts. He mastered Latin and French, understood Italian, learned mathematics, studied Homer and Virgil, read Cicero, and was knowledgeable about the histories of Thucydides and Tacitus. King Henry was the first English king to acquire a Renaissance education. Henry was also endowed with great physical accomplishments. He was a superb horseman. He enjoyed wrestling, jousting, swordsmanship, and tennis. Henry also had a passion for music. He mastered the skill of performing with three different instruments: the lute, organ and the harpsichord. He also composed music. He wrote two five-part masses, several different instrumental pieces, several songs and one anthem. The anthem is "O Lord, the Maker of All Things" and is still used in English cathedrals. 2
             Henrys first wife was Katherine of Aragon. Katherine's life as a mother was wrought with heartache. She was actually pregnant many times, but Mary was the only surviving child. Her morals are reflected in her daughter, who was an avid Catholic leader in her own right after becoming Queen. However, Henry was so desperate to produce a male heir he was willing to do almost anything. Since Katherine was past childbearing age, Henry knew drastic measures were needed. 3
             In 1531, Henry demanded a Convocation that recognized him as the Supreme Head of the English Church and the Church's sole protector. In 1532, Henry demanded the legislature to grant th...