The Middle East in Modern Times
1- Discuss the changing role of men, woman, and children in the Middle East between 1800-1914Men have always held the rule in the Middle East based on the concepts of Islam. Subduing women's right they maintain a tight control on the women and rarely did the women emerge from behind the veil. However, the picture is not as bleak as it may seem. The changing roles of men and women have not been a new feature but women have seen a freedom from cultural bindings for some time. (Esman and Rabinovich 1998)While the men held the reigns of power women began to seek their own identity. In the years before women and children were considered part of the background. While the male child was given freedom to do as he liked the female child was bound in the same chains of repression that the women were. However, as the roles of the men and women underwent a change the child's role automatically underwent a transition in society.In the modern period (beginning with the nineteenth century), the single most important influence on the role of women was the encounter with the West in the form of colonialism. Colonialists wrote much about how "backward" Muslim women were. Yet, in the end, their policies reinforced much of the economic and poli
3- Discuss the role of petroleum in the Middle East Politics from 1900-1939. This will be 60% of the estimated world total of 66 MMBD. The construction of gender roles and relations within the social setting these roles and relations are changing. The fear that the independent States of the Middle East might someday join forces with their Soviet neighbor and the West would lose that oil was the cornerstone of the West's Middle East policies . The boundaries characterized by the weight of Islam and authenticity in gender discourse, ideas on women's exclusion from public space, female domesticity, and their restriction to indirect access to power all reflect a past in which the gender system under girded a family-based organization of access to wealth and power. It promoted a focus on the oil and caused the enmity to rise in the geopolitics of the Middle East. Similar estimates are not available for gas exports, but Algeria, Libya, Iran, Qatar, Oman, and the UAE will play an important role as world suppliers. Social forces also greatly affect state capacity. (Fisher and Ochsenwald, 1997) The modern state in the Middle East has molded and been molded by the social, cultural, and a political institution in which it was planted by European imperialists. The first involves the state remaining a neutral manager of public affairs. State-society relationships are recursive and as a consequence, states may not only help mold but are also molded by society. After the end of World War I wealth of the old Ottoman Empire was siphoned to the victors, primarily oil. In fact, Lord Cromer insisted that it was "uncivilized" for women to be treated by female midwives or doctors, given that in Europe women were being treated by male doctors. The Zionists were then forced to defend themselves and, in one form or another, this same situation continues up to today. Women had already achieved much knowledge in religious matters, even to the point of teaching other female scholars the traditional sciences of Islam.
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