Sporting Violence
"These people want to hurt you. It's frightening. You feel like you're in a cage out there". Reggie Smith, (Berger, 1990). Spectator violence at sporting events has been recorded throughout history. People who have power over the events, often team owners, indirectly influence the amount of spectator violence by encouraging the factors contributing to violence, in order to benefit themselves. Sale of alcohol, encouraging crowd intensity, creating rivalries, and targeting social groups, are factors affecting the degree of spectator violence and can be proven to be influenced by the owner's actions. Therefore the blame for spectator violence can be attributed to whoever has power over the sport. Many historians suggest that an increase in spectator violence coincides with the commercialization of sports. Anthropologists agree that in societies where games were not for profit, they were enjoyed as celebrations of physical skill without competitiveness or violence between players or spectators (Berger, 1990). However, when people gained power or financially from the sporting events, spectator violence increased (Berger, 1990). Public spectacles and games were part of the Roman Empire. Each emperor ha
Slowly but effectively owners, teams, coaches and professional leagues are creating solutions to minimize fan violence. With women and family present the men were less likely to loose their individuality and act violently as a group. They have lawless fun, fighting spectators, throwing objects and vandalizing property. During the 1987-1988 season the Cincinnati Reds sold 12,610 half-barrels and 35,365 cases of beer. All were intoxicated (Berger, 1990). When Colorado College was down their fans, frustrated by the score and the name-calling, stormed the field at half time where a riot broke out. Biological theory suggests that aggression is a basic, inherent human condition. By studying the occurrences, degrees, and causes of fan violence over history, owners are able to decrease the incidents of fan violence while maintaining profits and entertainment value of their organization. As a result, he decided to sell beer at the games. Most important, the owners need to be aware that some of their actions to benefit their organization have an indirect influence on the factors for fan violence. Starting as far back as 1899 the students of Colorado School of Mines and those of Colorado College would celebrate victory by using dynamite to blow up the rival's goal posts (Taylor, 1992). Goldstein did a study comparing crowd hostility before and after a basketball game to before and after a gymnastic competition. In 1988, Pete Rose of Cincinnati Reds was pelted with full cups of beer and whiskey bottles, when he stormed out of the dugout to dispute a call.
Common topics in this essay:
Rose Johnson,
VIOLENCE SPORT,
Alcohol Management,
Smith Berger,
Joe Frazier,
Lesie Davis,
Baseball League,
Bonney Giulianotti,
Roman Empire,
Cincinnati Reds,
spectator violence,
fan violence,
berger 1990,
johnson 1988,
sporting events,
ticket sales,
robinson 1998,
taylor 1992,
alcohol sales,
davidson 1983,
american baseball league,
bonney giulianotti 1994,
violence sporting events,
alcohol sporting events,
aggressive play event,
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Acceptance Essays
