The Analitical Summary and Response to Freud's Civilization
In the eighth chapter of Civilization and its Discontents, Sigmund Freud gives a conclusion of the entire book. In the first place, Freud acknowledges that discussions on the sense of guilt disrupt the whole subject of the book. According to Freud, the sense of guilt is the most important problem for development of civilization because civilization is actually responsible for loss of happiness and this loss increases the sense of guilt. Sense of guilt places itself in consciousness easily and this dominates our lives. Also Freud claims that in some cases, sense of guilt remains unconscious. After a time interval sense of guilt can be called as "fear of super ego". Although reason of sense of guilt is civilization, it's perceptible as unconscious.Freud gives a brief conclusion about his terminology including "super-ego", "conscience", "sense of guilt" ,"need for punishment" and "remorse" in chapter 8. The super-ego is an internal voice coming from our own authority against aggression. Conscience is the force of our mind against our aggressiveness against other individuals and judges the intentions of our ego. The sense of guilt is perceived as discontent but it's an accommodation between ego and super-ego. Need for punishme
The conflict on civilization transforms our psyche into a 'masochistic' mechanism makes an inclination on need for punishment and disciplining of the ego. Freud claims that civilization is partially responsible for our unhappiness and our discontent, I agree with him because in anywhere which a group of individuals live, there must exist some rules for everyone to obey. Civilization protects humans from nature, provides a line of defense and also regulates the vital relations among human beings. Because if civilization exits, it means that we sacrifice from our individual happiness but we work for unity and we have to social drive ourselves against satisfaction of our instincts. Remorse is after the fact; guilt is before, or in absence of the fact so they are independent as Freud says. In such a society concept of respect and happiness can never exist because the conditions never let every individual to accomplish his/her desires. For example think of a society in which everyone is independent about his/her attitudes and in relations with other people. The other one Death is the source of aggression, destruction, death and other bad aspects of individuals. Freud argues that civilization, although its purpose is to prevent human from misery and suffering, is actually responsible for that suffering. In my point of view, I think the purpose of civilization is harmonious with the purpose of human life. Our individual ego and some social principles coincide, so there must be a regulator and in this part our super-ego is derived. There are also some bad aspects of civilization that can vary from one to one but there must a price for human accession to civilization and to be able to live together. The existence phases of sense of guilt can be expressed like when our wishes are repressed then "neurotic symptoms" are created and then our aggressiveness is turned into sense of guilt. But more than psycho-analysis we're more involved in Civilization and the discontents of civilization and this part is also a summary of the entire book with scientific explanations so that we've read the thoughts of Freud before. This struggle can be seen between Eros and the death instinct.
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