The term Shogun means general. Later, it refered to the leader of the Shogunate (Samurai's government). From 1192-1867, the Shogun ruled Japan. The Emperor reigned but did not rule. The Shoguns were a type of warlords that governed providences and states as a type of Japanese check and balance of the 16th century. The name of that form of government was called Shogunate. The Shogunates ruled as a military dictatorship for over a span of almost 700 years: they fought the Mongolians in 1281, fought in a civil war during 1467-1477, fought for Osaka in 1615, and saw Commodore Perry in 1853.
             The samurai are one of the most recognizable and most renowned warriors of the ancient times. They were members of a unique military class called the Japanese warriors. They emerged and grew more and more important during the Heian period (794-1185) when powerful land owners hired them for their personal safety and protection of their property. In the later times of the Heian period the most powerful military families, the Minamoto and Taira, had taken over political power over Japan and fought wars and battles for supremacy. When shogun Minamoto Yoritomo established a new government in Kamakura in 1192, the shogun (the highest military officer) became the ruler of Japan.
             The samurai were pinnacled at the top of the social hierarchy and had many privileges. On the other hand, they were supposed to set a good example for the lower classes by following the principles of Bushido (the way of the warrior). The samurai's most important principles or duties were to be loyal to his master, use self-discipline and respect and also to use ethical behavior. After a defeat or other dishonorable event many of the samurai chose to commit suicide by cutting their abdomen with a sword in order to preserve their honor. Such ritual suicide is called seppuku or hara-kiri.
             During the Edo period, which was mainly a peaceful time, most samurai had no motive or need to
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