Maslow
The success of any organization depends on the ability of managers and supervisors to provide a motivating environment for their employees. Motivation is fundamental to all organizations, and can be defined as the result of an employee's or subordinate's concentration towards a valued goal, through intensity, direction and persistence of effort. There are many theories of motivation that are applied in organizations worldwide on a regular basis. One of these is Maslow's Theory of Needs. It deals with individual motiviation and by understanding employee needs, managers can understand what rewards (either intrinsic or extrinsic) he or she should use to best motivate each individual.Abraham Maslow developed a five-level hierarchical theory of motivation that argues an unsatisfied need has the greatest motivating potential. His hierarchy of needs, starting wtih the most basic and ending with the most complex, are as follows:Physiological: Needs that must be satisfied in order for teh individual to survive, such as food, water, shelter, oxygen, sleep etc.Safety: Needs that include security, stability or certainty, predictability, protection from physical harm, and ordered and structured environment, freeedom from anxiety, etc.
The company pays for employees to go to university to obtain higher education and encourage staff to pursue extra-curricular activites that will be of benefit to the community. The first is the appropriate ergonomic workstation set-ups in several call centers (safety needs). HOwever, Maslow's theory does not imply that each basic need must be satisfied one hundred percent before an individual can focus their motivation at the next need level. Belongingness: needs that include feelings of acceptance, opportunities for social interaction, friendship, affection, companionship etc. A person is more motivated to satisfy their most basic needs - physiological needs - before they reveal an interest in safety needs. American Express also provides employees iwth safe working environments, ensuring the call centre facility is clear of all dangerous obstructions, and making sure all employees are aware of the emergency evacuation procedures. American Express makes a concerted effort to ensure they are meeting the need levels of their employees. In turn, safety needs must be satisfied before belongingess needs become motivational, and so on and so forth. American Express encourages all employees to develop their true potential to the fullest extent (self-actualization needs), in both work life and personal life. Safety is a major employee issue within the company. Amex has two yearly recognition programs aimed at the high achievers in the company. Self-actualisation: a desire to become everything that one is capable of becoming or to develop one's true potential to the fullest extent possible, the desire to do a good job, etc. As individuals, we are motivated by teh desire to achieve or maintain these basic needs. American Express strives to fulfill employees belongingness needs by promoting opportunites for social interaction out of business hours during the course of the year; several times during the year, Amex organizes barbeques, movie outings and parties to bring employees together. According to Maslow, most people are more often than not partially satisfied and partially unsatisfied in all of the basic hierarchical needs.
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