Sleep Disorders
Sleep Disorders: Insomnia, Sleep Apnea, and Narcolepsy, The most prevalent sleep disorder is insomnia, which occurs occasionally in 35% of the population and chronically in about 15% of adults. Women report more insomnia than men and the incidence increases with age (King, Dudley, Melvin, Pallant, and Morawetz, 2001). Insomnia falls into different categories based upon the specifics with regard to sleep disruption. Sleep onset insomnia refers to difficulty in falling asleep. Sleep maintenance insomnia occurs when the individual wakes during the night and has difficulty getting back to sleep. Terminal insomnia is present when the individual wakes up during the night or early morning and sleep is over. Waking up in the morning feeling unrefreshed is known as nonrestorative sleep (Pallesen, Hilde, Havik, and Nielsen, 2001). In order for sleep difficulties to be considered pathological, the individual must either be unable to fall asleep within 30 minutes, or wake and be unable to return to sleep within 30 minutes, for a minimum of 3 nights per week (Lacks & Morin, 1992, as cited in Pallesen et al., 2001). While sleep disturbances are a feature of many mental and physical disorders, a separate diagnosis of a sl
Stimulus control is a behavioral intervention which includes the following recommendations (Pallesen et al. eep disorder should only be given if the disturbance of sleep is among the predominant complaints (Pallesen et al. (2001) made was that Harvey (2000) did not find evidence that people with insomnia have poorer sleep hygiene than non-insomniacs, and called into question the inclusion of sleep hygiene in multi-component treatments for insomnia. · When unable to sleep after about 10 minutes, get up and leave the bedroom until ready to sleep. , 2001) recommends that hypnotics be used only for certain circumstances, such as short term insomnia. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) includes the following symptoms: apneas (cessation of breathing for at least ten seconds) during the night, noisy snoring interspersed with silence during the apneic episodes and followed by extremely loud exhalation, excessive motor activity during the phase when oxygen saturation drops, esophageal reflux, nighttime urination and heavy nighttime sweating, headaches that wake the person or headaches upon awakening in the morning, and obesity. , 2001; Lundh, 1998, as cited in King et al. , 1993, Wagner, Wagner & Hening, 1998, Bianchi & Musch, 1990, Hoehns & Perry, 1993, Gericke & Ludolph, 1994, Jones & Sullivan, 1998, as cited in Pallesen et al. The National Institutes of Health (1984, as cited in Pallesen et al. Worries should be summed up on paper and the individual should attempt to arrive at solutions (Hauri, 1993, as cited in Pallesen, et al. Both supported many of the same treatments, however each provided important information that the other did not cover. · Get up at the same time every morning, regardless of how good or poor the night's sleep was in order to establish a sleep rhythm.
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