Jurassic Seas
The sea, being such a rich and vast environment, logically holds a plethora of animals ranging from mammals, reptiles, fish, and so forth. It still remains a place of mystery, danger, and wonder in the modern world today for all those who have ever seen it, though it no longer harbors one of it’s greatest predators, the ichthyosaurs. In Rulers of the Jurassic Seas, Ryosuke Montani uses personal experience and proven fact to unravel a bit of the mystery surrounding such a creature, explaining its murky origins, its evolution, its swimming style, its decent into the deep, and its ultimate extinction.Primarily, Montani presents information explaining that the ichthyosaurs evolved from not fish, but land-dwelling animals. Their adaptation for water made them quite successful, and able to rule the sea from 245 million to about 90 million years ago – approximately the entire time dinosaurs existed on earth. Widely spread out fossils around the world indicate that they migrated extensively, and despite their aquatic appearance, they were most definitely air-breathing reptiles. Montani states that they did not have gills, and their jaw had all the features and traits of that of a repti . . .
Moreover, rules state that the heavier the diver, the more oxygen it can store. The author compares the ichthyosaur’s bones, which are wider than they are long, to those of most reptiles, which are long and slender. Though much insight upon their ancestry has been gained, the whole truth of the ichthyosaur’s past still remains a mystery. The final transition to flippers involved having digits added, lost, and divided over time. He states that the most blatant transformation is the one from feet to flippers. Also, Montani provides facts that modern deep diving mammals have a spongy bone mass rather than dense, such as the ichthyosaurs. Changes in the need for food and survival caused the ichthyosaurs to undergo such a transformation, leading itself into a wider scope of the sea. The original ichthyosaur have a backbone built by vertebrate that greatly resemble hockey pucks. Their ancestor was built more for land, having stout legs while the later versions obtained flippers, a boneless tail fluke, and a dorsal fin. They can move rather well enough to let them catch prey in shallow water – again, much like the early ichthyosaurs. It retains better sight than that of a cat. Afterward, most agreed that the ichthyosaurs was a member of the reptile group Diapsida, which includes such animals as snakes, lizards, crocodiles and dinosaurs. As time progressed, scientists developed new techniques on how to better decipher the relationships among various species. The newer species demonstrate vertebrate that posses a much narrower backbone. Such deep sea diving puts a strain on air supply, and one way to overcome that is reducing the amount of energy it takes to swim, often by becoming more streamlined.
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