Contributions of the Islamic Civilization
The Islamic Civilization contributed many ideas, discoveries, and inventions contrary to the hostile people who claim that Moslems only took ideas from others. The Islamic accomplishments in medicine were remarkable. Islamic physicians discovered the value of cauterization and of styptic agents, diagnosed cancer of the stomach, prescribed antidotes for cases of poisoning, and made notable progress in treating diseases for the eyes. In addition, they recognized the infectious character of bubonic plague, pointing out that clothes could transmit it. Finally, Muslims excelled over all other medieval peoples in the organization of hospitals and in the control of medical practice. There were at least thirty-four great hospitals located in the principal cities of Persia, Syria, and Egypt, which appeared to be organized in a strikingly modern fashion. Each h
His invention of the atembic made the distillation process easy and systematic (Thomas Arnold, The Legacy of Islam). Jabirs major pracitcal achievement was the discovery of minerals and acids, which he prepared for the first time in his alembic (Anbique). He is the greatest mathematician that ever lived. He was known as alchemist Geber of the Middle Ages. He also developed the calculus of two errors, which led him to the concept of differentiation (Thomas Arnold, The Legacy of Islam). Abu Abdullah Muhammad Ibn Musa, also known as al-Khwarizimi, is best known for introducing the mathematical concept of Algoritgm to the Islamic civilization. They also discovered carbonate of soda, aluminum, borax, nitrate of silver, saltpeter, and nitric and sulfuric acid. Borrowing what Westerners know as "Arabic numerals," including the zero, from the Hindus, Islamic mathematics was able to develop an arithmetic based on the decimal system and also make advances in algebra (itself from an Arabic word). Islamic scientists were the first to describe the process of distillation, filtration, and sublimation. He developed in detail trigonometric tables containing the sine function. Islamic physicists founded the science of optics and drew a number of significant conclusions regarding the theory of magnifying lenses and the velocity, transmission and refraction of light (Joseph Hell, The Arabian Civilization). The chief physicians and surgeons lectured to the students and graduates, examined them, and issued licenses to practice. The Islamic chemistry was an outgrowth of Alchemy an invention of the Hellenistic Greeks.
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