Eurocentric Biases Within East Asian History

             Before discussing Fukuzawa Yukichis's intellectual biases, several definitions must be
             made. For the purposes of this paper 'eurocentrism' is defined as the beliefs and methods of
             thought predominantly followed by european thinkers. This would include static notions of
             Orient and Occident where Oriental nations are naturally less developed than Occidental
             nations, notions of progress as being both linear and materialistic and; most importantly, the
             presence of empirical* systems of thought underlying philosophy and science. Any group of
             beliefs that does not include all of these characteristics falls outside the definition of eurocentric.
             There are two clauses in addition to the definition. Firstly, the assumption that an idea 'belongs'
             to one group or another is preposterous, the equation (A=B, B=C thus A=C) does not belong
             to Aristotle or Hellenistic culture even though he is its first known proponent. However a belief
             may be unique to, or have originated in one culture, like the concept of the Mandate of
             Heaven to the Chinese. The second clause within our definition adresses the subtle biase it
             assumes: if the notions of 'Orient' and 'Occident' are a uniquly western construct then by
             defining something as 'western' or 'european' we are tacitly agreeing that there are such
             distinctions. Since some frame of reference must be taken for the purposes of argument, the
             idea that Orient and Occident do exist, that uniquely western imperical science and notions of
             progress exist; and that the combination of these two beliefs constitutes a eurocentric bias is
             assumed. In light of this, Fukazawa Yukichi clearly falls within the definition of eurocentric with
             one catch: he does not view the Japanese people as being inferior to Europeans, he thinks they
             Much of Yukichi's thought can be deduced from the tone of the article in addition to his
             actual syntax. In his work "Japanese Enligh...

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