Before discussing Fukuzawa Yukichis's intellectual biases, several definitions must be
made. For the purposes of this paper 'eurocentrism' is defined as the beliefs and methods of
thought predominantly followed by european thinkers. This would include static notions of
Orient and Occident where Oriental nations are naturally less developed than Occidental
nations, notions of progress as being both linear and materialistic and; most importantly, the
presence of empirical* systems of thought underlying philosophy and science. Any group of
beliefs that does not include all of these characteristics falls outside the definition of eurocentric.
There are two clauses in addition to the definition. Firstly, the assumption that an idea 'belongs'
to one group or another is preposterous, the equation (A=B, B=C thus A=C) does not belong
to Aristotle or Hellenistic culture even though he is its first known proponent. However a belief
may be unique to, or have originated in one culture, like the concept of the Mandate of
Heaven to the Chinese. The second clause within our definition adresses the subtle biase it
assumes: if the notions of 'Orient' and 'Occident' are a uniquly western construct then by
defining something as 'western' or 'european' we are tacitly agreeing that there are such
distinctions. Since some frame of reference must be taken for the purposes of argument, the
idea that Orient and Occident do exist, that uniquely western imperical science and notions of
progress exist; and that the combination of these two beliefs constitutes a eurocentric bias is
assumed. In light of this, Fukazawa Yukichi clearly falls within the definition of eurocentric with
one catch: he does not view the Japanese people as being inferior to Europeans, he thinks they
Much of Yukichi's thought can be deduced from the tone of the article in addition to his
actual syntax. In his work "Japanese Enligh...