Sweetblood: Diabetes
Normally, sugars and starches (carbohydrates) in the foods we eat are processed by digestive juices into glucose. Glucose circulates in the blood as a major energy source for body functions. Its use is regulated primarily by insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas gland (located behind the stomach). Islets are the cells that produce insulin within the pancreas. In the person with diabetes, there is a malfunction in the production of insulin. There are three main types of diabetes: Type I or Insulin-Dependent, Type II or Noninsulin-Dependent and Gestational diabetes.The insulin-dependent type of diabetes generally has onset during childhood or adolescence, though it can occur at any age. Because the pancreas supplies little or no insulin in this disease, daily injections of the hormone and a controlled diet are necessary to regulate blood sugar levels. Insulin is generally effective in preventing glucose buildup, but it is a treatment and not a cure for diabetes.The destruction of the Beta Cells of the Islets of Langerhans in the Pancreas, that secrete insulin, is Diabetes Mellitus 1 or Type I. Type 1 is usually developed during childhood. Type I diabetes is called insulin-depend diabetes mellitus which account for 5 to 10%
This can lead to complications in the management of the infant's glucose levels following delivery. The Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is another type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy and disappears following delivery of the baby. Strict attention to control of diabetes is essential during pregnancy to help reduce risks to both mother and baby. Its much more common among ethnic groups such as Native Americans, Pacific Islander, Mexican Indian, Obese woman and Asian descent. In GDM, the mother's body does not produce and use enough insulin to respond to glucose derived from food. Almost all people with diabetes eventually develop some peripheral nerve involvement, but for many, it is slight and produces no symptoms. They usually have normal to increased levels of insulin, and the problem is a relative lack of insulin from a defect in release of insulin from islet beta cells, or there is an insulin resistance because insulin receptors are lacking or defective in fat and muscle cells. Although each person may react differently, common symptoms of insulin reaction include trembling, sweating and nervousness. Medical attention should be sought if any of these symptoms occur. The mainstay of treatment is diet and exercise, although it may be necessary to use insulin injections to provide adequate control of blood glucose levels. Studies are being conducted to determine whether strict blood glucose control plays a significant role in preventing or delaying the onset of complications resulting from diabetes. About 3,000 new cases are diagnosed each day. The diabetic condition can result in certain long-term complications, which may involve many organs of the body. The second technique, vitrectomy, involves surgical removal of cloudy eye fluids that result from blood vessel hemorrhage.
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