Creation of Labour
The first Industrial Revolution was a period of expansion and transformation defined by the change from an agricultural society to an industrial one. It also was time of change and transformation from the use of manual hand tools and hand made items to machine manufactured and mass produced goods in factory settings. While Britain was the birthplace of revolutionary development, America was soon to follow. Unlike America, Britain was a nation that could support an economical transformation in it's stable economy. Britain had an asset of skilled labour and saw the change from a home based domestic economy to an industry based economy that changed family structure and created a labour force imperative for propelling the inception of capitalism. The creation of a labour force was not by chance, rather by necessity which forced many poor off their land and out of their homes to find work. Machines called for mass production changing the artisan work into factory labour. British economy prospered under the control of entrepreneurs increasing revenues while decreasing working conditions. The Industrial Revolution's effects reached further than manufacturing, it changed the social organization, family structure and the division of human
It created industrial hamlets that made use vacant land, and changed the balance of population by filling up areas which had previously been empty. The poor labourers of eighteenth century Britain were the product of factory based production and loss of agricultural land, both circumstances driven by technological advances and entrepreneurial control. The final factor prompting the change in Britain's economy focused on the family system. Between 1550 and 1750, England was sparsely populated and consisted primarily of farms and agricultural land. Proto-industry was a labour intensive system that took advantage of the industrialization process by employing more workers or having the same workers work harder. The British agriculture sector appeared exhausted by the low cereal prices; the price for bread buyers was high while farmers received little money for their efforts. The introduction of new technologies such as James Kay's flying shuttle in 1733, improved cotton weaving by producing wider cloth in less amount of time. Enclosure laws displaced many poor tenants and peasant scavengers from the land, as scavenging was also prohibited by law. Fencing off land was expensive for poor farmers, but was a requirement in order to own land. Many larger machines also required steam power to operate which could only be utilized efficiently in factory settings. Smaller local scale production became an integrated part of the economy as a whole. Cotton and other textiles that had once been indubitably produced in cottages moved to factories and mills where former domestic industrialists found employment, perhaps not by choice but by circumstance. Approximately "68 per cent of families were engaged primarily in agriculture. In spite of this, 1750 marked the return of people to the landscape as grain and cereal prices rose and the British economy enjoyed an increase in overall agricultural productivity.
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