Genetics In Life
Genetics is the study of the patterns of inheritance of specific traits (Poretto). This knowledge could be used to alter the course of a future human life. This knowledge could even be used to stop a potentially painful life before it starts. Genetic engineering, like any other science, is a tool. Like any other tool Genetic Engineering is neither inherently positive nor inherently negative. Genetic engineering's benefits outweigh the potential negatives, and in spite of some people fearing that it is immoral; genetics needs to be continually developed.The first step in eliminating superstition about a topic is to understand that topic. The origins of genetic history lay in the ancient techniques of selective breeding to yield desired characteristics in offspring. This is a form of genetic manipulation by "employing appropriate selection for physical and behavioral traits" (Gert 2). The work of an Austrian monk by the name of Gregor Mendel established the quantitative discipline of genetics using garden peas. Mendel's work explained the inheritance of traits can be stated by factors passed from one generation to the next; in other words, "genes". The complete set of genes for an organism is called its genome (Congress 3
The guidelines and knowledge about genetic's effect on disease is ever-rapidly increasing. Another controverisal use is Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD). Cloning first caught the public's attention when Dr. DNA is made of nucleotide chains made of four bases. However, the next known logical step is cloning. (Feinman) Conjecture has largely ruled the debate on the future uses of genetic knowledge. Any ordered pair of bases makes a sequence. Current procedures for infertility treatment are less than ten percent successful (Seed 1). Yet another line of continued research in cloning procedures could lead scientists to find a cure for cancer by learning how to switch cells on and off (Seed 2). Each human clone must be carried in a womb for nine months just like any other child; and once born, it would have full human rights. DNA is packed into chromosomes, of which 23 pairs exist in each cell of the human body. Some would argue that this is unfair to the unborn child; that it might lead to an immoral termination of the pregnancy. If it becomes possible, do we want parents to be able to select for traits like eye color and height? Since it is already possible to select for sex, should couples be allowed to do this when a sex-linked genetic disorder is not involved? If the couple needs to undergo IVF for infertility, should they be denied this option?Another concern expressed towards genetic medicine is that by attempting to eliminate individuals with genetic conditions, we could create a society intolerant of people with congenital disorders. Genetic mapping requires the use of these markers. One benefit of replicating organs is that the chance the patient would reject the organ is drastically reduced, if not eliminated (Stencel 414).
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