Enlightenment Notes
The Enlightenment, or The Age of Reason-all of a sudden, people took all they were learning about science and decided to apply it to society-absolute monarchy, constitutional monarchy, or something else, people experiment to discover which one works best-people collect data, they study it, analyze it, and record it, then come to a conclusion-first man to do this was John Hobbes-he is an English subject, defended concept of absolute monarch-Hobbes wrote something dramatic that ticked a lot of people off, we give up our rights to the government in order to have a society with law and order-another guy says that everything Hobbes said is wrong-he is John Locke, says they should ditch monarchys completely- "all people are born with natural rights", natural rights are the right to life, liberty, and ownership of property-a government should protect the natural rights of its people-Locke then says that the people have the right to rebel, if the government does not-American Revelution was based on this thought3 guys head of the French Philosophes, Diderot, Voltaire (second estate), MontesquieuVoltaire writes satires, were hugely popular, wrote Candide (ma
white bread is non-revolutionary bread thousands of people are thrown in jail for being non-revolutionarywhen people go on trial, they are told to explain themselves without being told what they did, they then go on a cart with a bloody floor, they arrive at a platform, and walk up the stairs to the platform that holds a nifty new invention being used to execute people, used for entertainment, guillotinethis began a time period known as the reign of terrorat least 100,000 people were executed, we believe it could have been 200,000eventually people turn and look at Robespierre, he is one of the last people executedlouis was found guilty and guillotined, great courage, marie antoinette was found guilty and guillotined, boy died before anyone came back for him. national assembly, new government2. de fun of nobles, beausuazi, peasents, Catholic church, every part of french society)Diderot compiled very first EncyclopediaMontesquieu- says if we get rid of the king, we can have a government like this, 3 branches, checks and balances, separation of power, legislative, executive, judicial, legislative, make laws, executive carry out laws, judicial will interpret laws3 philosofes (Voltaire, Diderot, Montesqueiu) would meet various places, salons, coffee houses, debate topics and go off and write about themJeane Jacque Rousseau was a poor bay in Switzerland, snuck into school, first day of school, teacher introduces him and all the kids start to laugh because he didn't have any shoes, teachers and students rejected himwanted to go to Paris to join Voltaire and such to get his philosophy outeveryone starts as a blank slate, society writes all over yousociety corrupts uswanted to get rid of labels, no more titles, wanted equalityImpact of the Enlightenment-American Revolutiion-Declaration of Independence-Constitution-French Revlutionproblems with the social classesgovernment has been the same since France formed3rd estate likes it, 1st and 2nd estates don't3rd estate doesn't know how to have a revolutionVoltaire made people realize society problems, Diderot made the information available, Montesquieu made a new government possibility-city workersthe economy inflates and people can no longer pay their bills, women turn to prostitution to make money, men became petty thieves to pay their bills, many are sent to debtors prison no one else is really affectedpeople aren't paying taxes, so life at Versailles isn't as good, nobles go to king and say raise 3rd estate taxes, Louis decides to make nobles pay taxes-he is afraid to do it by himself, so he calls the Estates Gereral, which hadn't met in 100 years, made up of first, second, and third estates, third estate never comes, Third estate decides to come, change voting system, and impose their ideasno one listens, but they have a back up plan, they walk out, Louis cant have a vote with only 2 votes, they go to the tennis courts, they take an oath (Tennis Court Oath)1. they wont stop until they have a constitutionLouis said vote by numbers if it will get me more moneywithout Louis knowing it, he is helping create a new governmentthey all come back in, their new goal is writing a constitutionPhase 2 of the French Revolution- the violence beginsprice of bread goes up too high, mob of women attack baker and steal breadthe mob goes to the debtors prison in Bastille to set them all free, they kill a few guards a let free all 5 prisonersthey impaired the warden and found that Paris' armament was stored at Bastille, they run around shooting guns, they ran out of ammo, and finally realized what they were doingFrench RevolutionPhase 1- Tennis Court Oath Constitution Estates General/ National Assembly Inflation/ Drought/ City Workers- Peasants EnlightenmentPhase 2- Violence/ Bastille Bread Riot/ mob Bastille ArmamentsCountryside= peasants"Great Fear" Nobles are so mad at the peasants for not growing enough food, they are going to kill them in their bedspeasants get an idea, they decide to kill the nobles before they kill thema small group of peasants kill some noblesBourgeoise and nobles partying in Versailles writting a Constitutioncity workers are angry that they are still hungry and desperate, they march to Versailles, they want to find king and show him their troubles, guards won't let them in, workers beat them up and enter, they brought king back to Paristhey put king in one of city palaces and try to figure out what to do, king is under house arrestBourgeoise take over the situation and say let us handle it, they are educatedNational assembly is currently ruling over Francegroup on right wants to keep king, middle group wants to keep king but have a constitution, left group wants to eliminate the king (monarchy) and have a republic, a small group wants to kill the king, they are the radical radicalsking is being treated well under house arrests, he likes it, marie antoinette wants to get out and shop, meet some men, party, they begin to realize they are under house arrest, the constitution is brought to the king, he doesnt like it, but ut us too lateking wants to escape, he writes a note to his brother in law, king of austria, we want to come visit you, king of austria says sure but brin ur own moneyking is arrested, out of national assembly comes a group called the committee for public safety, man put in charge was RobespierreRobespierre (a Radical Radical)- he made the CFPS into a group that puts non-revolutionaries on trialthis quote became very common- "guilty until proven innocent"Robespierre encourages people to spy on each other, if the person being spyed upon doesnt do anything wrong, people lie and tell Robespierre she did something wrongif people were accused of being a non[revolutionary, it could be proved by people serving white bread in their home.
Common topics in this essay:
Fear Nobles,
Radical- CFPS,
Impact Enlightenment,
French Revolution-,
Jacque Rousseau,
John Locke,
Estates Gereral,
Age Reason,
John Hobbes,
Court Oath,
national assembly,
natural rights,
3rd estate,
found guilty guillotined,
society diderot,
people executed,
kill nobles,
debtors prison,
third estate,
white bread,
tennis court oath,
brought king,
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Acceptance Essays
