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A.P. European - Religious leaders of France

Religious leaders in France were deeply affected by the politics of the land. An example would be the French leader, Catherine de Medici’s. She became a regent for her son, Charles IX and also based her decisions on the possible political gains of her monarchy. She first tried to reconcile protestant and Catholic faction which ended unsuccessfully because she feared the power of the Guises. Politics were reflected in her by her concern to preserve and balance the monarch and seek valuable allies. The Duke of Guises massacred many, ending protestant toleration. After this, Catherine then thought the Guises were gaining too much political power, but she feared the Guises therefore she had to become their ally. The battle between protestants and catholic power (Huguenots and Guises, respectively) once again shifted as Coligny became Charles IX’s most trusted advisor; this raised the protestant influence on the king and on the monarchy. The monarchy would chose to favor whichever would balance the power and at this time, it was the Guises. Therefore, she plotted with them, unsuccessfully, the murder of Coligny. Fearful, at Charles IX’s reaction, she convinced him that a Huguenot coup was afoot led by Coligny and that they must execut

. . .
Philips home base, Castile, was very populated and wealthy. Bartholomew’s day, it became strictly anti-protestant nation. Another one of his weaknesses was the increasing population. A pious Catholic, he ruled his lands by pen and paper as opposed to presence. He shrewdly organized the lesser nobility into a loyal national bureaucracy. He even added to the bankruptcy of the Fuggers when he defaulted on major debts. This battle of religion and political power was now a struggle to the death for sheer survival against the enemy whose cruelty gave reason to any means of protestant resistant. The background to the establishment of the Anglican church in England first began with the Guises and Medicis family (In Chapter 12). Philip II, meddling with French and English affairs also placed Spain in a bad position, politically, and weakened its hold over the Netherlands, causing its eventual defeat by the Netherlands. Louis XIV would later revoke this and make an Anglican church, again. This Netherlands then succeeded against Spain. Furthermore, Philips II’s subjugated peasantry and immense wealth from the new world become another pillar that upheld Spain’s strength in dominance.

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