In the present era, which is marked in the history by the penetration of computer and internet and invention of public communication and participation mechanisms, all academic centers throughout the world are becoming so close that their separateness is not conceivable anymore. That way the amount of academic communication and mutual exchange of recent findings in a scientific field is so easy that nothing would remain in the dark after being found or produced by a member or a group in an academic center. But can all academic centers and academic figures allover the world benefit from these communication facilities evenly and proliferate their scholarly ideas to broaden the boundaries of knowledge on an international scale?
Having access to communication mechanisms does not guarantee the active and successful participation in the academic communities, rather in order to be accepted as a competent academic figure in these communities you need to have a set of discourse competencies acquisition of which needs informedness, awareness, and meticulousness. Effective processing and producing of academic discourse necessitates consciousness of rules and conventions that govern scholarly communication. In other wo
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A candidate who is not able to process and produce academic discourses will never be able to get along with the ongoing trend of science and technology. EFL and ESL, were one fruitful step towards looking at the language classroom as a ‘construct’. rds an academic figure should be academically literate. “This ‘Maktab’ system had survived from the golden age of Islamic culture”. This is considered to be an essential prerequisite for any academic activity (Salahshoor 2000). As the academic census in Iranian academic centers shows, the galloping augmentation of the number of students, graduates, and postgraduates in different scientific domains seems ceaseless. The most indispensable one is academic English literacy. As Salahshoor (2000) emphasizes we should look at language teaching classroom as a ‘sociocultural construct’.
BICS and CALP are Cummins’ terms and could be applied to both first language and second language.
NATIONAL CULTURE
The seeds that are sown in the background of the students in the society control their literacy practice. (Salahshoor 2000: 15)
At the turn of the nineteenth century a new schooling system was introduced to this traditional context and aimed at a radical change in schooling tradition, but wearing an up-to-date guise, it failed to devastate the long-lasting framework within which literacy practice has long been active. This is another reason for the large numbers of overseas students studying in the English-speaking countries and the even greater numbers studying through the medium of English in their home countries, where it is a second language. Some of these are individual like shopping, socializing, etc. “There is no obvious reason why high-school students should learn oral skills in English when contact with English outside the formal context of the classroom is improbable”.
Approximate Word count =
3383
Approximate Pages =
14 (250 words per page double spaced)
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