As the 18th Century began, fresh currents of thought were wearing down institutionalized traditions. The aristocracy, the middle class, as well as the philosophes were influenced by rationalism, reason, perfectibility and progress, and secular, humanistic viewpoints. These themes were reflected not only in political and philosophical realms, but in artistic forms as well. These new ideas and new approaches to old institutions were setting the stage for the revolutions to come.
             The Enlightenment was "an age of reason based on faith, not an age of faith based on reason." As Voltaire's Candide proclaims, "we must cultivate our garden," so Europeans believed that they could change their time. Enlightenment attitudes developed through the belief that tradition, reason, and logic could and should be used to promote change. The philosophes imparted their belief that human reason could be used to combat ignorance and tyranny and promote freedom and prosperity. They targeted the Church and the domination of society by the aristocracy.
             Boucher's "Nude on a Sofa" reflects the more realistic Rococo style, with its plump and rosy cheeked subjects, and Enlightenment characteristics of individualism and humanism in its portrayal of sensual pleasure. The soft shades and muted lighting radiate realism, whereas Boucher's frank eroticism represents his personal proclivities and the moral views of the French aristocracy. This playful, Rococo style also reflected the relaxed social manners of the time. Boucher's sole purpose is to visually titillate – a sharp contrast to the ecclesiastical control of culture. Boucher was flaunting his moral sensibility, as it was easier to criticize the Church than the state. The aristocratic preoccupation with leisure and entertainment reflect enlightened views in that they deal with personal pleas
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