Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek was born October 24, 1632 in Delft, Holland. His father was a basket-maker and his mother's family was brewers. Antoni, as a child, was educated in a school in the town of Warmond and then lived with his uncle in Benghvien. In 1648 he was an apprenticed in a linen-draper's shop. Around 1654 he returned to Delft, where he spent the rest of his life. He had little or no scientific education, yet sometime around 1668, Antoni learned to grind lenses, made simple microscopes, and began observing with them. It appears that he was inspired to take up microscopy by having seen a copy of Robert Hook's illustrated book Micrographia, which showed Hook's own observation with the microscope
Leeuwenhoek made over 500 "microscopes", of which today less than ten survived. Although Leeuwenhoek was often called "the inventor of the microscope", he was no such thing. He was the first to see microscopic forominifera; he discovered microscopic animals such as nematodes and rotifers. What also distinguished him was his curiosity to observe almost anything that could be placed under his lenses, and his care in describing what he saw. He described the three types of bacteria: bacilli, cocci, and spirilla. He continued his observations up until his death on August 30, 1723. 1) "Leeuwenhoek, Antoni van," Microsoft (R) Encarta (R) 98 Encyclopedia. In recognition of his discoveries, in 1680 he was made a fellow of the Royal Society of England and was visited by such nobles as Queen Anne of England and Peter the Great, czar of Russia. Several of his predecessors had built compound microscopes and were making important discoveries with them. In 1674 he gave the first accurate description of red blood corpuscles.
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