Socioeconomic Levels and the Role it Plays in sports
Status and specific socioeconomic levels influence the choice of sport in which people participate. Coakley and White support this notion as they suggest that, "Individual decisions to participate in physical activity are shaped by a complex dynamic, in which economic factors, class and gender, parental and peer influences, leadership, and location intersect" (1992). Therefore, it's logical to assume that people in upper and upper-middle classes may be inclined to participate in sports such as golf, tennis, and polo, then that of lower socioeconomic classes. Conversely, people in lower socioeconomic classes may be more likely to participate in team sports such as football, basketball, volleyball, and baseball. "Sports. . . help define moral and political community," noted MacClancy. He goes on to say, "Sport is not a 'reflection' of some postulated essence of society, but an integral part of society and one, moreover, which may be used as means of reflecting on society" (1996). From these statements, questions arise. Do lower socioeconomic classes emphasize sports as a "way out," as opposed to the upper class that might view sport as strictly recreation? Do these opinions on sport vary from class to cl
" Barry went on to say, "It almost takes more effort to get out of a situation where you could sit back and be comfortable. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 27, 59-67Tomlinson, A. Thirdly, we constantly interpret our own behavior as well as the behavior of others. In many instances, these former athletes quit from their respective sports during the pinnacle of their successes. In Japan, baseball players have come to the understanding of playing the game under the "Samurai Code of Conduct for Baseball," a generally recognized, through unwritten set of rules derived from the medieval warrior ethic of bushido (MacClancy, 1996). For many youth, the recreation or neighbor center is a non-threatening, relatively unstructured place to play sports and hang out in an otherwise high-risk urban area. These athletes came from a wide range of racial, age, class, and athletic backgrounds. And in relation to culture, baseball, along with jazz music are two of the most sacred institutions that truly depict American culture and society. Upon further analysis, in which socioeconomic factors were studied, Rudman found that race didn't explain whites' and blacks' differences. The argument can be given that socioeconomic factors above all else are the main influences in how people choose to engage in sport. Therefore we can assume that the most important element of success for young athletes is not winning but the perception that they have achieved their personal goals (Dubois, 1986; Knoppers, Schuiteman, & Love, 1986; Martens, 1993). " Sports Illustrated, December, 8 1997, 87 (23), pgs. Messner's (1985) study backed the notion that socioeconomic factors determine people's role in sport.
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