Creatine
In 1995 it was found that only 24 percent of Americans had adopted a regular practice of exercise (McGinnis and Lee 1995). This was surprising because in 1994 alone an estimated $8.4 billion was spent on health club memberships in the United States, and these fitness centers make available to the general public a lot of expensive and elaborate equipment previously only found at training facilities for collegiate and professional athletes.The lack of exercise by this general population has increased health consequences. About 12 percent of deaths reported in the United States each year are related simply to the lack of regular physical activity (McGinnis and Lee 1995). The combination of poor dietary and exercise habits was the second most prominent contributor to the approximately 300,000 deaths per year in the United States. This was just behind tobacco use, which took about 100,000 lives. Also, the population is getting older. With the increasing number of potent prescription drugs there has also been an increase in drug use among a significant portion of the population. More than 100,000 drug products are approved for use in the United States alone. For the year 2008, the expected total dollar amount spent on presc
The popularity of fitness has transcended the baby-boomer generation, and more and more people regard exercise as an essential component of a healthy lifestyle for all groups. Creatine attracts water as it enters the muscle cell, which would increase the actual size of the muscle by means other than protein synthesis. Since creatine is found naturally in many foods, testing outright for its supplemental use is impractical. For the weekend exerciser who wants an extra boost while lifting weights or playing softball, there are no contradictions to short-term use of creatine supplements. Vegetarians may have a more dramatic response to creatine supplements than meat eaters, since, in theory, vegetarians have a lower baseline intake of dietary creatine (Maughan 1995), and there is some evidence that muscle uptake of creatine is greatest in individuals with the lowest baseline levels. Dozens of additional studies have been conducted to evaluate the impact creatine supplementation has on physical performance. There is enough ATP to provide the body with energy for approximately ten seconds before ATP must be reproduced. Because performance impairments are related to decreased levels of PCr, elevating PCr with creatine supplementation would be expected to decrease fatigue due to the reduction in decline of ATP resynthesis (Haff, Kirksey, and Stone 1999). Other studies have also theorized that creatine supplementation increases FFM due to an increase in protein synthesis. However, such gains in size may not necessarily lead to increases in muscular strength. Whether the use in sanctioned events is ethical is another question. The purposes of most of the new dietary supplements are to increase strength, muscle mass, power, or to loose weight. Creatine is one of the most discussed and widely used dietary supplements among athletes and fitness enthusiasts today.
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