Alcohol
Substance abuse and addiction are major problems in society today. Every segment of society, regardless of race, gender, or age is affected. Some of the substances that are used grow naturally, where as others are manufactured illicitly or even legitimately in laboratories. They may be smoked, inhaled, ingested, or injected and used for social, religious, or self-medicating purposes. The substance that are abused include caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, steroids, stimulants, depressants, heroin, ANd cocaine. Substance abuse and dependence were first described as disease process in the 1960s with the introduction of Jellinek's work on alcoholism. Dependence on alcohol and other drugs is now accepted and is classified as a psychiatric disorder. Substance abuse ranks high among serious health problems. Since 1979 illicit drug use and alcohol consumption have declined, but the widespread use of and dependence on these substance continue. Nicotine, now classified by the Food and Drug Administration as an addictive substance, is linked to more deaths annually than AIDS, cancer, and other substances combined. Alcohol is also a major social problem today. Use and abuse of alcohol are a factor in contributing to injuries and death. The cost of
The family which is the most powerful unit of socialization transmit cultural beliefs, myths, and values about alcohol and drug use. Excessive consumption occurring for at least a 12-month period. Alcohol is a factor in 40% of all motor vehicle accidents, and alcohol and other drugs are often implicated in boating or athletic accidents. Intoxication revert to the exposure or ingestion of a substance. Treatment can be approached on several differences basis. Diet pills are called uppers, and cocaine is referred to as coke, blow, show, lady, and flake. Cocaine is the most potent, but caffeine and nicotine are the most prevalent and widely used. One of the greatest consequences of alcohol abuse is the physiological damage that can be done. Other physiological problem associated with alcohol are cardiovascular effects, gastrointestinal, skin, malnutrition, neurological, and sexual dysfunction. In these people you will notice tolerance the effects of alcohol, maladaptive drinking patterns, problems in fulfilling role obligations, social isolation, denial, changes in eating and stress management activities, and unpredictable drinking behavior. Complication of cirrhosis include portal hypertension, ascites, esophageal varices, and hepatic encephalopathy. Drugs that are often abused include cocaine, amphetamines, nonamphetamine stimulants, caffeine, and nicotine. Detoxification Is a supervised medical regimen to withdraw the client from drugs that have induced psychological and physiological dependence. Onset of symptoms of withdrawals begins within 6-12 hour following the cessation or reduction of the drug or alcohol. Lives are lost, and loss of work productivity costs millions of dollars each year.
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