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Literary Terms from Beowulf

A Kenning is a metaphorical phrase or compound word used to name a person, place, thing, or event indirectly.

“Twelve winters of grief for Hrothgar, king

Of the Danes, sorrow heaped at his door

The word in bold red print is an example of a kenning. The word hell-forged is a compound word that is describing what type of hands have brought sorrow to Hrothgar.

Hrothgar’s gold-ringed queen, greeted

The warriors; a noble woman who knew

What was right.” ( Beowulf, 614-616)

“For each, till the bracelet-wearing queen

Had carried the mead-cup among them and it was

Beowulf’s turn to be served.” (Beowulf, 622-624)

The words gold-ringed and bracelet-wearing are also both kennings in that they both are compound words that describe the Queen Welthow.

Alliteration is the repetition of consonant sounds in words that are close to one another.

“He moved quickly through the cloudy night,

Up from his swampland, sliding silently

The words that are in blue are a classic example of alliteration in Anglo-Saxon poetry. The echoes of this line increase the poe

. . .

It was the Danes’ custom

To be ready for war, wherever they rested,

At home or in foreign lands, at their lord’s

Quick call if he needed them, if trouble came

To their king. Beowulf as shown above is the strongest of all the Geats and proves his strength countless times throughout the epic. They were always ready for war, and were always loyal to their king no matter the time or place.

Metaphor

A metaphor is a figure of speech that makes a comparison between two seemingly unlike things without using a connecting word like, as, than, or resembles. Perhaps

Hrothgar can hunt here, in my heart,

For some way to drive this devil out-

If anything will ever and the evils

Afflicting your wise and famous lord. By showing the differences between the two characters, Beowulf’s character is set off from the foil.

“You know that your country

Is cursed with some strange, vicious creature

That hunts only at night and that no one

Has seen. ”

( Beowulf, 1425-1426)

Again we see here the repetition of the “ s”; stained swirling, and serpents swimming. In his quest he must defeat monsters that embody dark, destructive powers.

“High hall and a wife, Higd, young

But wise and knowing beyond her years.

Foil

A foil is a character who sets off another character by strong contrast. At the end of this quest, the hero is glorified by the people he has saved. ” ( Beowulf, 1400-1402)

This is a good example of a caesura because the line is divided into two halves. Then in the second half of the sentence there is another word after the pause that alliterative with the first half. No one knows its bottom,

No wisdom reaches such depths.

Approximate Word count = 1352
Approximate Pages = 5 (250 words per page double spaced)

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