Ancient Greece
Greek civilization began on the Mediterranean island of Crete about a thousand years after the Egyptian civilization emerged; but unlike Egypt, Greek civilization was oriented to the sea . Athens, named after Athena, the goddess of wisdom, was the intellectual center of Greece. It was one of the first city-states of its time, and is still world renowned as one of the most famous cities in the world . The ancient Greeks, mainly the Athenians, were a unique people. They believed that individuals should be free as long as they acted within the laws of Greece; this allowed them the opportunity to excel in any direction they chose. Individuality, as the Greeks viewed it, was the basis of their society. The ability to strive for excellence, no matter what the challenge, was what the Athenians so dearly believed in . This strive for excellence was the method from which they achieved such phenomenal accomplishments that still astound us to this day. Although many of them strove to become soldiers or athletes, others ventured into philosophy, science, drama, pottery and the arts. The two most important concepts that the ancient Greeks followed were found inscribed on the great shrine of Delphi, which read "Nothing in excess" and "Know thys
" It is from Aesop that we have inherited our modern form of the fable . We see the evidence of ancient Greece around us every day, in the constellations we identify in the heavens or the Olympic games held every four years; in the stories we tell and in the movies we see; in the architecture of our houses and in our democratic system of government. Each of these continued to be important ways of thinking about the world all the way through the Roman Empire, until people converted to Christianity in the 300's AD, and even after that . Geometry played a large role in the development of Greek architecture, and was applied widely. Greek science had its beginnings with mathematics, which was widely studied and taught in ancient Greece. The Ancient Greek social structure has formulated many aspects of our lifestyle of today. The arts, sculpture, architecture, pottery, literature, and theatre, are often considered the crowning achievements of Greek civilization. 5 seconds to travel around the earth; he was less than a second off . Although many ancient Greek philosophers and dramatists made remarkable achievements, no single writer had a greater influence than Homer. Levers made moving large stones feasible. Pythagoras studied the patterns of numbers, worked out many different mathematical principles, and most notably, his discoveries concerning right angled triangles . The Archaic age deserves to be seen as one where a particular attitude of mind took root. Thales, one of the first mathematicians, discovered five geometric theorems and improved navigation. Around the 10th century BC, the Greeks borrowed and adapted the Phoenician alphabet to create a writing system for their own language.
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