Notre Dame Organum
Notre Dame began having mass in 1163. At this time, this cathedral was arguably the most famous church in all of Europe, because of its architectural beauty. It was also a school for composers who later became remembered as the great contributors of that century. The musicians at the Notre Dame School were the first to solve the problem of notation with more than two voices by fixing a definite rhythm. Before this early polyphonic singers improvised. The music of Leonin (c.1159-c. 1201) and Perotin (c.1170-c. 1236) and their French contemporaries were very influential composers; their style of Mass was widely excepted and reproduced. Organum is defined as medieval polyphony based upon a cantus firmus. A cantus firmus is the preexistent melody used as the basis in polyphonic composition, which may be secular (folk style) or sacred (of the church). It was composed not-against-note and used florid Organum. From this polyphonic, multiple voice, music progressed to what was known as Notre Dame Organum. It is named Notre Dame Organum because it originated at the Notre Dame Cathedral in Paris. Paris was the center for polyphonic music (Organum) during the twelfth to thirteenth century. Many people believe that the Organum composed at . . .
The three types of Notre Dame Organum are Organum Purum, Copula, and Discant. He wasthe first known significant composer of polyphony. Perotin composed in styles such as Organum, Conductus, and Discant. It consists of a tenor voice, which sings the original plainchant and duplum. Music became a form of entertainment rather than solely a spiritual act of praising God. These could be used throughout an entire piece or mixed and matched to create diversity. This book contained Graduals and Alleluias that he had altered. The original chant served as the foundation and a second voice called the descant, which was added to the original chant. The creation of three and four part Organum is an important step in the development of polyphony which until then had been conceived in terms of two voices. Leonins compositions were based on the Gregorian chants. “Alleluia” is such a portion in the responsorial solo. This consists of two-part Graduals, Alleluias, and Responsories.
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