The Great Depression and the New Deal
Question 1 To fight the Depression, Hoover took a standard Republican route and Roosevelt claimed the American people needed a New Deal. Use specific ideas and programs to compare and contrast Hoover's and Roosevelt's approached and evaluate the success. During the Roaring Twenties, the American people seemed to live in a fantasy world of wealth and luxury. The economy was booming due to little government interference and workers were receiving higher wages and began to receive welfare from their employers. Citizens could choose from new consumer products, such as refrigerators, washing machines, and the automobile, which revolutionized the way people traveled in the United States. However, this newfound prosperity would be short lived. At the end of the Roaring Twenties, the American people witnessed the worst economic depression in history and they were apart of it. Unemployment rates skyrocketed through the roof and people were losing millions of dollars after the stock market crash in 1929. After having little regulation of the economy during the 1920s, the American people were in desperate need of government assistance. Current President Hoover followed his conservative approach that he had used throughout his te
At the beginning of the crash, Hoover chose not to utilize the federal government and felt that it was the duty of the state and local governments to end the depression. The American public demanded a strong leader who would lead them out of the depression and they had their choice to vote for a new president in 1932. The NRA helped businesses establish wages for workers, set work hours, and set prices for finished products. Roosevelt knew that the federal government needed to take action to save the country and it did. Similar to the NRA was the creation of the Agricultural Adjustment Administration, which encouraged farmers to cut production of crops in return for government owned land. However, there was no act or administration that single-handedly pulled the United States out of the Great Depression. Roosevelt ordered a bank holiday on March 6th, in which all banks across the country were closed for an extended period of time until Congress sorted things out. The reform of the Second New Deal that would have the greatest impact on Americans for the entire century was the Social Security Act of 1935. Many forms of protest erupted over Hoover's inability to curtail the depression. In 1932, farmers banded together to stop the shipping of an entire years worth of grain to the market. In 1935, Roosevelt helped create the Works Progress Administration to help the unemployed Americans find jobs. This raised the tariff rates on foreign goods to the highest point in American history. One project of the New Deal that is still running today is the Tennessee Valley Authority. Rather, it was another world war that caused factories to pour out supplies for soldiers and eventually increase the economic output. Taxes were collected from the salaries of employees, placed into a federal insurance program, and redistributed to retired citizens 65 years or older.
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