Methods for Increasing Gender Equality
Women have achieved higher levels of education than ever before and today represent over 40 per cent of the global workforce. Yet their share of management positions remains unacceptably low, with just a tiny proportion succeeding in breaking through this idea of an impenetrable glass ceiling. The lack of adequate education, training and experience in the past, to some extent, explained the difficulties women experienced in obtaining management jobs. Today, a large and increasing proportion of women in many countries are as well qualified as any man. This has resulted in a better gender distribution of jobs, but occupational segregation remains a major problem. More women now hold management jobs, but they tend to be clustered at lower levels and in less vital areas. In all cases, however, their access to top managerial jobs remains severely restricted. At the same time, educational systems, the mass media and recruitment and promotion procedures have often institutionalised certain gender biases and unwittingly continue to perpetuate discriminatory practices with regard to women. Governments, enterprises and organizations have, over the years, explored ways of eradicating discrimination and ensuring gender equality. They have
Women should be accorded rights equal to those of men, and that is there should be no discrimination, but also that women should be able to enjoy all their rights, which calls for the identification and elimination of obstacles other than those of a legal nature. Such views stem largely from women's primary responsibility for family care and welfare. Another method designed to encourage gender equality could be to enhance training opportunities for administrative staff. One method that could help produce this form of a gender-equal society is to increase men's parental responsibility. Promoting recruitment and appointment of women national civil servants would be another productive method to reflect society's views on what a woman's role truly is. Governments should take adequate measures with a view to making the implementation of legislation on equality of opportunity and treatment more effective. Workers' and employers' organizations have a particularly important role to play in stimulating workplace change in attitudes and practices to further gender equality generally and to identify and promote specific strategies to enable women to reach higher levels of management and break through the glass ceiling. The only way to ensure that gender equality is dealt with efficiently and effectively is to utilize every available opportunity to request the co-operation of private companies, labour unions, management organisations, educational/research institutes, parent-teacher associations, political parties, co-operatives and other organisations concerning the appointment of women and build support within society. Based upon this experience, the Government must first set a leadership example by promoting participation by women in policy decision-making, then request and support similar efforts among local government authorities and other such enterprises. In addition, it is important that gender equality be reflected in all policy areas in the future. This would mean producing gender equality guidelines and to enhance training opportunities and information provision in order to raise awareness of women's human rights and foster a gender-equality perspective among all national administrative staff. In order to create a gender-equal society, it is necessary that the national machinery for the advancement of women play a leadership role in close cooperation with other concerned administrative bodies in effectively promoting a broad range of measures, based on trends in the international community and changes in the economy and society. Correcting this inequity requires increasing men's share of responsibility for children. While these have met with varying degrees of success, they have undoubtedly had a positive impact, especially on younger generations of men and women. "Measures implemented to alter society should be followed up regularly.
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