In American history periodic acts of violent resistance by black slaves during more than two centuries of chattel slavery signifying continual deep-rooted discontent with the condition of bondage and resulting in ever more stringent mechanisms for social control and repression in slaveholding areas. This historic decision was to stimulate a mass movement on the blacks and white sympathizers to try to end the segregationist practices and racial inequalities that were firmly entrenched across the nation and particularly in the south.
             American abolitionists realized the failure of gradualism and persuasion, and they subsequently turned to a more militant policy demanding immediate abolition by law. The best known abolitionist was the aggressive agitator William Lloyd Garrison founder of the American Anti-Slavery Society. The Abolition Movement in western Europe and the Americans, was the movement chiefly responsible for creating the emotional climate necessary for ending the transatlantic slave trade and chattel slavery (Berlin, 90).
             The Middle Passage supplied the New World with its major work force and brought enormous profits to international slave traders. At the same time, it exacted a terrible price in physical and emotional anguish on the part of the up rooted Africans, it was distinguished by the callousness to human sufferings it developed among the traders Portugal, and France(Marble, 125). The Middles Passage male slaves were kept constantly shacked to each other or to the deck to prevent mutiny of which 55 recorded between 1699 and 1845.Deaths during the Middle Passage caused by epidemics, suicide, "fixed melancholy", and mutiny, have been estimated at 13 percent. So many bodies of deed or dying Africans were jesttisoned into the ocean that sharks regularly followed the slave ships on their westward journey(Marble, 128-130).
             The Underground Railroad in the United States, was a system exis...