During the era known as the Age of Royal Absolutism, many European countries began to look more outside of the realm of their own country. They turned to imperialism in order to gain wealth and power. England, the Dutch Netherlands, France, and Spain competed in North America, Africa, India, and m...

"When Push Comes to Shove" In August 1940 the continent of Europe was all but conquered by the Nazis. There was no army left to fight the Germans on the Western front. Adolf Hitler's troops had pushed 340,000 English soldiers off the coast at Dunkirk, back across the channel to England...

The word "sonnet" comes from the Italian word "sonnetto" or "sonata" meaning "a little song". Sonnets are most commonly written about love and probably the first person to write a sonnet was the poet Petrach and he wrote it for his love, Laura. Sir Thomas Wya...

The Great Awakening was the religious revival that swept through the world in the mid 1700's. In the colonies it was the beginning of Evangelical Calvinism, and was centered mainly in the South. Johnathan Edwards was a Congregational Pastor in Northampton Connecticut. He was extremely outspoken...

William the Conqueror No medieval king of England is more famous than William the Conqueror, and no event in the whole of English history has been more discussed than the Norman Conquest. From birth until death, William lead a life destined for glory. Being a strong leader and soldier, William ...

The England Invasion of 1066 and the Significance In the year 1066 AD a dispute over the succession to the English throne occurred, because of a very unique situation. Edward the Confessor the King of England (1042-1066) died without any children to claim his throne. Moreover, because of this u...

The definition of the Golden Rule is that those with the gold make the rules. In other words, those with the gold have the power as well as those with the power have the gold. History books will discuss the general reasons for war such as freedom from adversity or freedom from religion. But...

The nature of the religion of the Germanic settlers is a very difficult subject, since it has to be pieced together from odd references from classical times and later Christian writings which obviously did not want to promote Pagan beliefs. Many modern historians look at the fact that four days of ...

The French and Indian war had important, immediate effects on the colonies and their English mother country. Obviously, it meant great land acquirements for both American settlers and the English government. What Britain did not realize, however, was the problems this new territory would create. N...

The word "privateer" conjures a romantic image in the minds of most Americans. Tales of battle and bounty pervade the folklore of privateering, which has become a cherished, if often overlooked part of our shared heritage. Legends were forged during the battle for American independence, and t...

The extraordinary uniqueness of Elizabeth Tudor's reign began even before she was crowned queen in 1558. She was very well-educated, a student of the great Renaissance scholar Roger Ascham; a consummate diplomat at the age of 25; and one of the most level-headed monarchs England had seen in man...

Just as the atmosphere builds its energy over long areas of land and water, slowly accumulating potential energy, so was the expansion of England during the reins of James I, and Charles I. Then through years of expansion and change the storm of civil war challenged the Ancient Constitution. Jam...

The history of the English language is very closely tied to the history of the people who speak it. Whenever something happened that affected the people or culture, the language changes also. Everything affects the language, from the oldest culture to the newest civilization. The world of ancient Br...