KINGS AND LORDS France England Germany After the year 1000, conditions in Europe again changed-this time for the better. The Vikings no longer endangered life and property. The Muslims no longer threatened western Europe. Instead, the European Christians carried war to the Muslim lands in the e...

Knitting Knitting is the making of fabric by using special needles to interlace yarn in a series of loops, or stitches. Knitting, uses two single-pointed needles for flat work and a flexible circular needle with points at each end or several double-pointed needles for circular work, remains a p...

Medieval Calvary Throughout time horses have played an important role in society. Since their first introduction, they have continued to prove that they are a valuable asset. The horse fulfilled this role durning the middle ages to almost a key, in both personal and state affiars. It was ...

"European witchcraft was a unique phenomenon which differed from European high magic from the low magic or simple sorcery" (Russel 658). "High magic and simple sorcery differ however in methods and motivation" (658). High magic was astrology and alchemy (658). Sorcerers are usually people that are ...

Marvin Pakula defined heraldry as, "The art of arranging and explaining in proper terms all that relates or pertains to the bearing of arms, crests, quarterings, and other hereditary marks of honor" (18). The elements of crests, helmets, shields, and mottos constitute the 'coat...

Romanticism began in the early 19th century and radically changed the way people perceived themselves and the state of nature around them. Unlike Classicism, which stood for order and established the foundation for architecture, literature, painting and music, Romanticism allowed people to get away ...