In "Universal History," Kant proposes nine theses that creates an idea of universal history-- history which allows people to discover freedom of the will and to develop and progress to each specie's capacity or each human's "unknown natural end." (Kant, 17) Hegel, in ...

The Justification of a Life-Centered Perspective Santa Cruz is a city known for its beach access and huge redwoods. These redwoods have lately come into an environmental debate regarding their co-existence with the lime kiln, and the subsequent new growth dominance of the redwoods over the kil...

Was there an 'Elizabethan Settlement' of religion? The issue of religion had been a long standing problem throughout Tudor England. For more than 60 years the two opposing beliefs struggled to dominate the realm depending on what the monarch believed in. Henry VIII initially al...

The exponential growth of the Cyber society and Cyber culture within the Internet has not gone unnoticed by the "religious community." As I write, church web sites are being published and electronic prayer groups zip by in modems and wire networks across the globe. Even isolated monast...

William Blake was a member of a social class with a long history of radical dissent. The Artisan class which he, as the son of a hosier, was born into and consequently remained in as an engraver later in his life, had opposed in turn first the landed mercantile aristocracy in the late eighteent...

The Cloning War: Moral or Immoral? Outside the lab where the cloning had actually taken place, most of us thought it could never happen. Oh we would say that perhaps at some point in the distant future, cloning might become feasible through the use of sophisticated biotechnologies far beyond th...

IS IT LEGAL TO PRAY IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS? "Is it legal to pray in public schools?"This is the question. The answer, of course is, "It depends." Both on what kind of prayer we are talking about, and more importantly, who is doing the praying. Because people are usually talking about organized cl...