KINGS AND LORDS France England Germany After the year 1000, conditions in Europe again changed-this time for the better. The Vikings no longer endangered life and property. The Muslims no longer threatened western Europe. Instead, the European Christians carried war to the Muslim lands in the e...

The Mass of Saint Giles The Mass of Saint Giles by the unknown Master of Saint Giles embodies all the ideals of the Middle Ages. The painting's portrayal of the consecration of the host is consistent with the religious, God-fearing society of which it is a part. The spirit of the Middle Age...

A culture that evolves and changes through time is a healthy culture indeed. From the early pagan warriors to the artisans of the Renaissance, the European world dramatically reformed. The literature of each era indicates the profound cultural innovations. The Anglo-Saxon's arguably most import...

The Treasure of Sutton Hoo The time period between 500-950 is often referred to as the Dark Ages. This time period is believed by most to be a time of ignorance and lack of prosperity.(Asimov 85-88) These ideas are generated from a number of artifacts found in a couple of excavations that have ...

When a culture constantly evolves and changes it truly is a healthy culture indeed. Since the beginnings of the Pagan warriors to the skilled and accomplished craftsmen of the Renaissance, the European world was drastically transformed. The literature of every epoch indicates the profound cultural i...

Castles of Wales Chepstow which is a Norman castle was constructed beginning in 1067. This was less than a year after the new king, William the Conqueror, was crowned. It was built high over the river Wye in Southeast Wales. The Norman's weren't the first to realize ...

The middle ages 2000 The Roman Empire geographically established the original concept of a European boundary. With all of it's great achievements likee civil law, politics and literature, the collective willpower of the Roman Empire would eventually degrade over time and give way to new id...

Medieval society, as characterized by Adalbero of Laon, can be said to have contained three social orders, "those who worked, those who fought, and those who prayed." In theory, and during the period in which it was stated, this could be a reasonable assertion, although reality probably ...