Post-Civil War Law: Who Did It Benefit? For most Americans today, the law is a static entity, something which, from day to day, does not cross our minds because of its relatively fixed position. Theoretically, the law protects all Americans equally, regardless of race, ethnicity, or class, and ...

The Emancipation Proclamation issued January 1, 1863, set slaves in the confederate states free. The Thirteenth Amendment permanently abolished slavery. The former confederate states, not wanting to let go of their control over blacks, established the restrictive "Black Codes." The Civil R...

Although Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation, enacted in 1862, intended freedom for all slaves, it did not completely eliminate slavery. The Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution were adopted after the Civil War as attempts to end discrimination. In shor...

Discrimination and exclusion have been a part of our country for as many years as America is old. Gender has certainly played an enormous role in the history of discrimination, as have many different races. While a case can be made for women being discriminated against and excluded, there is no si...

During both the civil war and civil war reconstruction time periods, there were many changes going on in the Union. The Emancipation Proclamation, as well as legislation such as the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth amendments, was causing a new awakening of democracy; while the renou...

African American History It is often taught that the social and economic conditions of African Americans have been one of America's greatest struggles. For some, the struggle continues, although changes are evident, it has in no way erased the damage that was inflicted. Others believe that th...

African American History It is often taught that the social and economic conditions of African Americans have been one of America's greatest struggles. For some, the struggle continues, although changes are evident, it has in no way erased the damage that was inflicted. Others believe that ...

A civil right is an enforceable right or privilege, which if interfered with by another gives rise to an action for injury. Examples of civil rights are freedom of speech, press, assembly, the right to vote, freedom from involuntary servitude, and the right to equality in public places. Discriminati...

Affirmative Action The End of an Era The Beginning of Economical Struggle It is the intent of this report; to investigate the economical struggles of African Americans and minorities in the United States, the implementation of affirmative action in our laws and the exploits of the law c...

The Amistad Conflict In January 1839, fifty-three African natives were kidnapped from eastern Africa and sold into the Spanish slave trade. They were then placed aboard a Spanish slave ship bound for Havana, Cuba. Once in Havana, the Africans were classified as native Cuban slaves and purchased...

THE EARLY COURT Since the American Constitution was the first written constitution in the world, it created an entire wealth of laws and interpretations for the newly formed government. From 1787 until the mid-nineteenth century, the Supreme Court had to create policies and procedures while it h...

Fourteenth Amendment Before the slaves were freed, most citizens relied on their states to be protectors of their basic rights against the federal government (Klotter, Kanovitz, and Kanovitz 24). After the war freed the slaves, the relationship between the national government and state governmen...