Mommsen's article had as aim to eliminate as a causal explanation German imperialistic aims and the argumentation is convincing in that respect. Regarding Mayer, he clearly attributed a large causal role to domestic policies within the Great Powers and presents compelling evidence to that effect. ...

Pacifism in Britain can be traced back to the Quakers as early as 1661. It did not hit it's peak however until the interwar period of 1918-1945. For the purposes of this research, pacifism will be defined as the "absolute renunciation of military force." Pacifism was just one o...