The period of the Enlightenment took place during the seventeenth century. The Enlightenment centered around a new heightened interest in philosophy and science. The Enlightenment philosophers included Francis Bacon, Rene Descartes, and John Locke. The scientists of the same time included Galileo, R...

William James, in the first lecture of his work "the varieties of religious experiences" analyzes the origins of religious phenomena. The theory mostly debated among others is that of medical materialism. According to the theory of medical materialism, every persons ''spir...

Rene Descartes starts his First meditation with the description of false beliefs, which are common for everyone since early years. He writes that in order to build firm basis of scientific knowledge one has to doubt every uncertain belief he has. From the very beginning Descartes writes that it&ap...