A nation is commonly known as a group of people whose common identity creates a psychological bond and a political community. Their political identity usually comprises such characteristics as a common language, culture, ethnicity, and history. What is it that shapes the nation's political inst...

Renaissance in Italy In part three of Jacob Burckhardt's book, The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy, he writes that the Italian Renaissance was shaped by "..not the revival of antiquity alone, but its union with the spirit of the people..." The spirit of the Italian people re...

Italy and Greece ReportItaly is located in southern Europe. Rome was once capital of the Roman Empire, but today is the capital of Italy. Nearly all Italians are Roman Catholics, although many do not attend church regularly. There are about 100,000 Protestants. Italy also has a very small Jewish...

GUISEPPE MAZZINI The Italian nationalist Guiseppe Mazzini was considered not only a patron saint for his revolutionary actions, but a main character for laying the foundation for the unification of Italy. Guiseppe's background, accomplishments, and his problems all contributed to his succ...

While on the surface, Virgil\'s \"The Aeneid,\" can be seen as a Roman epic meant to glorify Rome and rival those of the ancient Greeks, the author was engaged in a struggle. Virgil had to satisfy the cultural demands of his work, the political demands of his time, and his own personal demands as an...

Human nature leads us to be curious. Due to this we have acquired a thirst for knowledge about many aspects of life - one of these is the past. The city of Rome was founded in 753 B.C. By 275 B.C., it controlled most of the Italian Peninsula. At its peak, in the A.D. 100's, the Roman Empire covered...

What possible similarity, one might be tempted to ask, could exist between the apparently profoundly secular author of "Letter to Peregrino Zambeccari" the Italian humanist and proto-nationalist Coluccio Salutati, whose life was filled chiefly by political and administrative matters and th...

There was a great crisis in traditional Roman values during the transformation of the Roman Republic into the Roman Empire. After the Punic Wars the traditional values of Rome fell by the wayside for a new way of life that eventually led to the Roman Empire. The Cincinnatus image, rise of violence...

The book, Daily Life in Papal Rome in the Eighteenth Century, by Maurice Andrieux, is an enlightening piece of work that describes how the Romans lived; how they thought about life; and how the leadership of the Popes ruled and the different personalities toward the Church. The information and descr...

From the ground up, Rome was built on violence. From the hills in Palatine, to the conquests of the Roman Empire at its height; Rome was violent. The Romans reveled in death. Political leaders pitted their own armies against one another as a lifestyle. Violence was not merely a side show in Roman c...

Rome: Once the largest ruling power, now shattered. What happened so many centuries ago, to make such a eminent power crumble to the ground? Powers come and go but their legacies live on. These legacies are our pedagogues; we learn from them and perfect ourselves and our nations. In researching Rome...

ANCIENT (3,000 BC – 476 AD) -Egypt & Sumeria – roots of Western Civilization -The Greece – Golden Age -2 periods: Hellenic & Hellenistic (Alexander the Great & followers) -Sophisticated culture–math, philosophy, etc. -Eventually conquered by Rome -2 periods: Roman Republic & Roman E...

Many would agree that the Roman Empire was truly one of the most superior and complex civilizations of all its time. Those who stood in its path suffered the brutal and bloody consequences and were shown little, to no mercy at all. From the very beginning of its history to the chaos of civil war, t...

'A Period of confusion, unrest, civil strife and violence of all kinds had finally culminated in the emergence of one man as the supreme arbiter of the destinies of the roman world.' Octavian was that man. During his triumph in 29B.C, Octavian (later to become Augustus) had returned to Ro...

The Appian WayFirst conceived in 312 B.C. by Appius Claudius the Appian Way was known as "the Queen of roads". She was Rome's first military highway, in a time when most didn't consider building roads. Let alone one that would last millenniums.The Appian Way or Appia begins at the foot of the coloss...

Throughout history, religion has played perhaps the most important role in the influence of cultural and societal trends. The ethics and values that a society holds dear are a direct result of the faith that binds that society together. Faith is something that governs, something that punishes, and...

One of our progressions in the world is trying to minimize the size of our global village. The world has been made smaller with the means of the internet and air travel. Art, without a doubt, is no exception to the group of contributors of the shrinking world. In some forms, it is the most powerf...

In the year 610 A.D. the Roman Empire had reduced to only that area east of Pannonia and the transition from a Pagan culture to a Christian culture was one in which the continuity of the empire was virtually nonexistent. We can follow these difficulties from the early migrations to Justinian's...

Life in Ancient Rome Romans of the Classical era built what was perhaps the greatest empire of all time. Roman civilization has served as a model or basis for much of Western culture. Roman engineers pioneered the use of concrete, glass windows, the dome, central heating, and apartm...

Roman Aqueducts: An Engineering Brilliance Transportation of water is a very important obstacle the world has taken on. Water is a necessity to live; therefore control of water in and out of towns has been going on for thousands of years. Many different ways of moving water from one spot to ...

Italy is the largest religiously country both economically and politically. Italy has the fifth highest population in Europe, about 200 persons per square kilometer. Minority groups are small, the largest is the German speaking people of Bolzano Province and the Slovenes around Trieste. Although Rom...

Julius Caesar was a man who took a falling city and made it in to a glorious empire. Caesar did many things that we still use today and that helped shape the western world as we know it today. Those things include many reforms that changed the city of Rome and in changing the city of Rome and its wa...

The Roman Republic 1000 B. C. – 27 B. C. -know the myth of Romulus and Remus (pg. 130 – 131) -Rome is a central point between the Alps and Sicily -at point where it was easy to cross the Tiber river -key point for trade routes Three Main Culture Groups 1) The Latins - ...

Julius Caesar was born on July 13, 100 BC, in Rome. Born in one of the well known and oldest families of Rome, the history of his family can be traced back to Aeneas, the mortal son of goddess Venus. Julius Caesar was named after Julius, the son of Aeneas. Son of rich parents, his upbringing was...

The author Michael Crawford wrote the book The Roman Republic to offer an interpretation about the Roman Empire. This was done to educate the reader about how Rome gained its greatness and became the military and cultural center of the world at that time. He wanted to inform the readers about how ...