As Gray states "...he established a vital bridge between physiology and psychology, two subjects that were virtually isolated from each other when his career began but are now almost at the point of fusion; and he converted the programmatic sketches of nineteenth century philosophical materialism i...

How has preparedness theory attempted to integrate a Pavlovian model of the acquisition of specific phobias with this biological specificity? What is the status of Preparedness theory today? When confronted with a phobic object or situation an individual appears to have little control and no al...