The emergence of culture and civilization is a development uniquely credited to the human species. The birth of civilization began with the actual creation of recorded symbols, thus providing the means for the communication of ideas. Sometime between 30,000 and 40,000 thousand years ago, modern huma...

The nature of the religion of the Germanic settlers is a very difficult subject, since it has to be pieced together from odd references from classical times and later Christian writings which obviously did not want to promote Pagan beliefs. Many modern historians look at the fact that four days of ...

Rising up out of the gentle rolling hills of the Salisbury Plains – about 140 kilometres southwest of London - appears one of England’s most recognisable landmarks, a masterpiece in Neolithic architecture. With an imposing sense of majesty this culmination of more than a millennia of hum...

The European scene at the beginning of the eighteenth century is much different than it is today. Densely populated cities in countries such as England and France were merely farm towns two hundred years ago. What caused what used to be cultivated open fields to turn into populous towns? These quest...

IT BEGINS... The economic and technological changes that accompanied the Industrial Revolution fundamentally altered the nature of "modern" warfare. Unprecedented advances in machinery and mass production made the development and production of new weapons an inevitable component of the pr...

A professor at the University of London, Institute for Advanced Studies in the Political Sciences and Humanities, George Modelski; writes "Globalization is a process along three dimensions: formation of world opinion, democratization, and political globalization." Arnold Toynbee&apos...

English Linguistics Words and word-formation processes in the English Language 1. Introduction In our daily use of language we often are not aware of word-formation processes which create, invent, produce or form new words in a language. Most of the times we ...

The extraordinary uniqueness of Elizabeth Tudor's reign began even before she was crowned queen in 1558. She was very well-educated, a student of the great Renaissance scholar Roger Ascham; a consummate diplomat at the age of 25; and one of the most level-headed monarchs England had seen in man...

How do practices of Spiritualism gain popularity in nineteenth century Britain and why? Spiritualism started in America, New York, in 1848 by Catherine and Margaret Fox. They heard banging's and knockings in there house and started to communicate with the spirits which later became known a...