In 1815, Germany was nothing but a loose grouping of States known as 'the German Confederation'. This creation replaced the holy Roman empire which had previouly held the many German speaking states together and united central Europe under the Austrian emporer. The holy Roman empire had been destroy...

Frederick Barbarossa, like other men of his age, was influenced by a growing resurgence of neoclassical sensibilities. It should not therefore be considered surprising that he would have considered himself ruling as "Frederick, by the grace of God emperor of the Romans and august forever....

During the Medieval period (600 A.D. to 830 AD) in Europe only a few leaders showed great glory and compassion. Mythical characters usually made up these leaders. Yet Charlemagne wasn't a figment of our imagination. He is one of the world's finest leaders. Charlemagne established the t...

I have traveled to both Spain, and Austria. While both are unmistakably different in both culture, and government, they are not so unalike that we couldn't compare the two. Spain is very culturally rich in its diverse cities, the olive growing provinces, and the wine growing communities. A r...

What authority does the prince hold if ruled by a power other than god himself? In Martin Luther's writings "Against the Authority of the Catholic Church", he rejects the Popes claims that religious authority is superior to secular authority and provides the argument for Germany to s...