Melson Summary Chapter Three - Like the Armenians, Jews had to overcome social, economic, political, cultural spheres - they did not suffer a massacre but anti-Semitic reaction to undo their emancipation and social mobilization - anti-Semitism took form in a political party and failed befor...

Since the birth of Christ, the relationship between Jews and Christians and the state has radically shifted from one end of the spectrum to the other. Since its inception, Christianity had been the religion coping with intolerance from the Jews and the state, yet as time progressed the attitude towa...

After the War of Independence on December 1, 1947, the relationship between the Jews and Arabs remained hostile towards each another. With the amount of Jews increasing at a significant rate over the past century in Israel, it has not helped this relationship out. The formation of Israel's pe...

"Here is not merely a nation, but a teeming nation of nations" said Walt Whitman (Lee). The United States of America, now the most powerful nation in the world, was discovered in 1492 by Christopher Columbus, colonized by 1700, freed from British rule in 1776, split in civil war in 1860, ...

Night Elie Wiesel Holocaust. Even this word alone can dredge up ominous feelings of dread. "Such a terrible thing that happened," we might say. The truth of the matter is we cannot even begin to fathom the true depths of the events that took place during that time period. Elie Wies...

The motto on the Great Seal of the United States is "novus ordo seclorum"--a new order of the ages. The revolutionary nature of America was particularly true for Jews. For thousands of years they had lived in states in Europe and the Arab countries in which anti-Semitism was actively promoted or t...

Classic literature retains its significance regardless of when written. Generations come and go, and times change. However, specific human traits remain, despite the number of years that have gone by since the author wrote the novel. This is the case with Isaac Bashevis Singer's Satan in Goray....

A divorce is a traumatic life altering event that unfortunately is becoming a more common occurrence in today's culture. The thought of divorce remains a nightmare too most people. Having said that, imagine being held in a marriage against your will, in some instances being abused, where...

King Hammurabi lived from approximately 1850-1750 B.C.E., during which time he ruled Babylonia for forty-three years. Sometime during his reign, the king created a code of laws called Hammurabi's code. The code consists of laws dealing with family, property, women, slaves, and many other things...

One of the most devastating and frightening time-periods of our history was during the Second World War, when between five and six million Jewish civilians were killed throughout Europe in a mass genocide. A large portion of the Jews were killed by the Nazis under Hitler's regime. However, tho...

The Celebration of Chanukah The candle light flickered in Dorothy Abramawitz's eyes. In her tiny, pudgy right hand she held the shammus, the host candle, and burned the wick until the flame was glowing brightly. While she began to light the first candle on the menorah, she heard her mother...

Since the beginning of the Jewish religion, women have had what seems to be a marginalized role that encompasses almost every facet of life. In many cases within the body of Jewish texts, clear misogynist statements and commentary are made dealing with every aspect of what it means to be female. W...

The word holocaust is a word that we have heard at one time or another. It means different things to different people. It is a word that brings up negative thoughts. Words like prejudice, death, genocide, and world domination are associated with the Holocaust. The Holocaust is accepted event in w...

Judaism Jewish history began about 4000 years ago in the part of the world that today we call the Middle East. No one person ever "began" Judaism. The beliefs that became the Jewish faith came about gradually. However, some people were important in making it happen. Abraham, Isaac an...

The Man of Action Throughout my studies of Nehemiah, I am reminded of a story that was once told to me and is referred to in Campbell's book "Nehemiah: Man in Charge". Briefly, the story tells of a woman who was attacked and stabbed on her way home from her night job in New York....