Preface: How has the ninth edition been updated? In this updated edition, certain chapters have in added in light of the attacks of September 11, 2001. There was a chapter added on the foreign policies of Clinton and Yelstin-Putin also, an introduction to the beginnings of George W. Bush's...

In his introduction to The Lexus and the Olive Tree, published in 1999, Thomas Freidman states that "[t]he world is 10 years old. It was born when the Berlin Wall fell in 1989. The Cold War system was replaced by a new, very greased, interconnected system called globalization." As a...

Many today believe that China is on its way to becoming one of the world's top superpowers. Increased diplomatic talks with the United States and its recent admission into the World Trade Organization only emphasize its growing political and economic importance. According to an article in TIME ...

In the wake of the temporary partitioning of Vietnam at the Geneva Conference of 1954, the Dwight D. Eisenhower administration was determined to do what it could to ensure that South Vietnam remained out of the hands of Communists. Eisenhower suggested in a 1954 speech that if the Communists were ...

The Cold War was an extremely long war that last from 1945 until 1990. It did not clearly start until 1945, but strained relations remained between the United States and the Soviet Union since 1917. The ending of WWII and the struggle between Communism and Capitalism, led to this unique war. This...

China, a country with a fifth of the world\'s population and the last major communist country, is now facing the most t uncertain period of its political life since the Communists came to power. China has gambled on a capitalistic market economy to transform its country and lessen the unrest since ...

With all of the changes going on within America, and the prosperity and production that came with the industrial revolution, the temptation to stray from the foreign policy that Washington set out a hundred years before was very great. The Americans now entered a time where they were in a position ...

As WWII ended, the world remained in total disarray. Actual battles onland, sea and air transposed into a new type of war and with new players.USSR ruler Joseph Stalin depicted the globe as a ball cut in half:imperialist and capitalist regimes on one side and the Communist andprogressive world on th...

Decision Making More than thirty years have passed since the dramatic cling of arm in the remote Himalayan region of the Sino-Indian border. This Time gap seems to be appropriate for a correct reexamination of the conflict. The account of India's attempt to find balance with China, ever s...

In the years following the end of the Cold War, many historians and social scientists have written accounts of what were some of the causes and effects of this period when the threat of war was almost always present. One such person was Melvyn Leffler and his work, The Specter of Communism, which ...

History of ChinaChina has a history that spans some 3,500 years. It is perhaps one of the oldest most "great-aged" human civilizations ever recorded. 3,500 years of history is quite vast and many historians divide Chinese periods of political transformation and civil unrest's into 3 categories: Th...

Major Sources of Discord between the Bolsheviks and European States: 1917 to 1921There were several major sources that created discord between the Bolsheviks and western states in Europe from 1917 to 1921. Conflicting ideologies that each attacked the very fabric of the other's respective society le...

cold war Major Sources of Discord between the Bolsheviks and European States: 1917 to 1921 There were several major sources that created discord between the Bolsheviks and western states in Europe from 1917 to 1921. Conflicting ideologies that each attacked the very fabric of the other's respective ...

Major Sources of Discord between the Bolsheviks and European States: 1917 to 1921There were several major sources that created discord between the Bolsheviks and western states in Europe from 1917 to 1921. Conflicting ideologies that each attacked the very fabric of the other's respective society le...

ANARCHISM: THE ALTERNATIVE TO GOVERNMENTAfter the Middle Ages, Europe entered a stage of monarchy. The birth of the modern European nations occurred under the control of kings, queens, and noblemen. Spain, France and England (most noticeably in Western Europe) and their counterparts, Poland and Ru...

Dominique Tappy 7F - 04 October 2000The Origins of the Cold WarThe Cold War was a struggle between conflicting universal values. In the West, the concepts of a market economy and a multi-party democracy were cherished as necessity. In the East, single party statism and a command administrative econo...

Exploring the importance of the Revolutions of 1917 in bringing about the rise of a single-party state in Russia."No real social change has ever been brought about without a revolution.... Revolution is but thought carried into action (Emma Goldman, Anarchism 1917)." The people of Russia were strugg...

Economics SeminarWill the Status of the Roma people improve as the EU enlarges?When I die, you should bury me standing,Because I have been on my knees all my life."Gypsy sayingWho are the gypsies? Are they a tribe? Or maybe a sect? Where do they live? Where do all the myths about them originate? Why...

In 1991 the Soviet Union collapsed as a nation state. Although, in retrospect, this seemed the likely outcome after years of economic stagnation, political corruption, and most importantly, the collapse of all pro-Soviet communist regimes in Eastern Europe by 1989, no one expected it (Pa...

Since the beginning of its existence as a country, Italy has faced enormous challenges in establishing itself as a unified political and social entity. The geographic, economic, and linguistic differences between its various regions and the artificial manner in which they were amalgamated cre...

A country's foreign policy is only partly the result of decisions made by its government: it is mainly imposed by circumstances. IntroductionAustralia, during the last fifty years, has been a country unsure of its place in the world. She has been bouncing from ally to ally, begging for a place unde...

Summary 4 SUMMARY The Communist Manifesto reflects an attempt to explain the goals of Communism, as well as the theory underlying this movement. It argues that class struggles, or the exploitation of one class by another, are the motivating force behind all historical developments. Class relati...

Under communism, only the tiniest fraction of people expressed open dissent against the system. The system tried to draw in as many people as possible as accomplices. One of the most effective means was the threat that a failure to actively denounce opponents of the ideology would mean classificatio...

The Rise of Communism in Russia Unless we accept the claim that Lenin's coup that gave birth to an entirely new state, and indeed to a new era in the history of mankind, we must recognize in today's Soviet Union the old empire of the Russians -- the only empire that survived into the mid 1980s (Lutt...