The era known as the Renaissance began approximately around the beginning of the fifteenth century. The philosophy behind the whole movement is one of "rebirth" or the re-establishing of ancient classical culture. Following the collapse of the Roman civilization, much of Europe fell into decline,...

The word "medieval" came about when early scholars combined the two Latin words medium (middle) and aevum (age), which means the transition between ancient and modern times. The first 500 years of this period are the Early Middle Ages or the Dark Ages. They were called the Dark Ages because learni...

The rise of Islam ushered in an entirely new era for the people of the Arabian Peninsula as early as the 7th century CE. Islam extended itself across the Middle East and then began its conquest of North Africa, reaching into Spain and Eastern Europe.  The 1200s saw Islam's spread into India as wel...

Italy the Age of the Renaissance During the period 13th and 16th century Europe was in a state of great ebullition and new classification. Wars, revolutions, politico-economical transition, social convulsions and illnesses overwhelmed fatally the stability of Europe. During the period of two c...