Among young people, the short-term health effects of smoking include damage to the respiratory system, addiction to nicotine, and the associated risk of other drug use. Long-term health consequences of youth smoking are reinforced by the fact that most young people who smoke regularly continue to sm...

Abstract The human respiratory system is a complex system involving the coordination of organs with different structural, functional and defensive mechanisms. The high costs and the high fatality rates associated with chronic respiratory disorders require some serious rethinking in our approach to...