Every 3.7 seconds someone in the United States is receiving a blood transfusion and a total of thirty million units of blood is transfused throughout the world annually (Cannell 1999)1. In the 1600's Louis XIV physician, Jean-Baptiste, performed the first blood transfusion when he took nine o...

The Cardiovascular System-Blood Pressure and The ECG Blood pressure is the force of blood distending the arterial walls. Blood pressure is measured in the Brachial artery using a sphygmomanometer, the average resting bp in a normal person is 120/80. The higher number is the systolic blood pres...

Hypoxia Hypoxia is a condition in humans that is caused by the reduction in partial pressure of oxygen, inadequate oxygen transport, or when tissues are simply unable to make use of the oxygen provided. This disease occurs in the tissues and brain. It results in a shortness of breath, and an...

A businessman in his late forties is sitting in coach on an airplane. The seating is quite tight and he can't seem to get comfortable. Suddenly, his leg starts to tingle. Thinking that his leg just fell asleep, he starts to massage it. As he rubs, he notices a slight pain growing. He decides to...

The Grange Family enjoys eating together as a family whenever they can. But an issue for them is the health problems of each of the individual family members, and being able to prepare one dish that is applicable and satisfying to each individuals needs. The goal is to prepare a budget family meal t...

Trepanation is the practice of making a hole in the skull. It is the oldest surgical procedure practiced by mankind (ITAG introduction). Archaeologists have found trepanned skulls dating back to 3000 B.C. Hippocrates, who is considered to be the father of medicine, wrote "On Injuries of the He...

Late one afternoon, a lady was driving home in the rush hour traffic. The last thing she needed was a pounding headache. While she was stopped, she dug in her purse for some aspirin to relieve her headache. She chugged it down with the Pepsi sitting by the seat. Her only worry was to relieve h...

Aim: To investigate how exercise affects heart rate. Introduction: The heart is rate is how many times the heartbeats in a certain period, normally a minute; this gives the unit bpm (beats per minute). During rest, the heart beats about 70 times a minute in the adult male, while pumping about 5 li...

Pathology Peripheral Vascular Disease PVD It is related to Arteriosclerosis Obliterans, defined as arteriosclerosis in which proliferation of the intima has caused complete obliteration of the lumen of the artery, is also known as atherosclerotic occlusive disease. Occlusive disease of the femo...

What is ergonomics? Ergonomics is the science of fitting the job to the worker. When there is a mismatch between the physical requirements of the job and the physical capacity of the worker, work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) can result. Workers who must repeat the same motion throu...

Platelets are flattened discs that are round from above and spindle shaped section. Megakaryocytes are very active cells that continually make proteins, enzymes, and membranes. But instead of getting bigger. They just shed small membrane-enclosed packets of cytoplasm into circulation. This is where ...

The two organisms discussed I this report are humans and Frogs. The Taxonomy of an organism includes kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. Humans are classified by the kingdom animalia, phylum chordate, class mammalia, order primates, family hominidae, genus homo, and species...

Introduction Imagine if you had hemophilia, but you and your spouse would like to have children. You have also just lost your job due to missing so many days of work. You survive on your wife's meager income of $18,000 as a teacher's aide, and have no insurance. Would you opt to have a c...

SMOKING AND ITS EFFECT ON AN ATHLETE Smoking is a habit that is taken up by almost 30% of the growing teenage population . It not only plagues the young but also the old. When cigarette smoking was first introduced, it was meant to be a pastime. It was also considered to be 'cool',...

Throughout history a variety of deadly diseases have threatened mankind. Many diseases have the capability to spread fast and rapidly kill people. But with modern advances in medicine, man had defeated most of these deadly diseases and thought the threat was over. However, a shockingly n...