In American history periodic acts of violent resistance by black slaves during more than two centuries of chattel slavery signifying continual deep-rooted discontent with the condition of bondage and resulting in ever more stringent mechanisms for social control and repression in slaveholding areas....

"If you have two people running in a mile race around a track and one has a ball and chain tied around his leg for three laps, you can't take the ball and chain off for the final lap and still expect him to win" Jesse Jackson's aide, Frank Watkins once stated. Many African Americans in the Uni...