Why are young adults in cities involved with gangs? Countless innocent people in the U.S. die from youth violence unintentionally; either being an innocent bystander caught in the recklessness of activities done from gang violence or dying a tragic death of being wrongfully victimized. Children con...

Introduction The conceptions of how child maltreatment originates and is maintained as an enduring and destructive social phenomenon have been debated in theory and research for many years. The conception of child abuse, though it has changed over time has been irreconcilably changed by psychology...

Life in America is full of options and opportunities, for most. Many people in our society try to make a living in a legitimate fashion. However, this ideal way of life is not always an option. For some the best option is to turn to the black market to make their money. The largest and most lucrati...

AIDS Related Stigma Since the appearance of AIDS in the late seventies and early eighties, the disease has had attached to it a significant social stigma. This stigma has manifested itself in the form of discrimination, avoidance and fear of people living with AIDS (PLWAs). As a result...

AIDS Related Stigma Since the appearance of AIDS in the late seventies and early eighties, the disease has had attached to it a significant social stigma. This stigma has manifested itself in the form of discrimination, avoidance and fear of people living with AIDS (PLWAs). As a result...

AIDS Related Stigma Since the appearance of AIDS in the late seventies and early eighties, the disease has had attached to it a significant social stigma. This stigma has manifested itself in the form of discrimination, avoidance and fear of people living with AIDS (PLWAs). As a result...

Introduction Since the appearance of AIDS in the late seventies and early eighties, the disease has had attached to it a significant social stigma. This stigma has manifested itself in the form of discrimination, avoidance and fear of people living with AIDS (PLWAs). As a result, ...

The conception of what constitutes maltreatment of children and in fact the whole concept of what constitutes a designation of being a "child" has changed over time, like many other societal definitions. The designation of a child as a vulnerable member of society that requires special pro...

PART I: IDENTIFYING THE STUDY ADOLESCENT TREATMENT HISTORY Adolescents who seek substance abuse treatment, as a sizeable proportion of the substance treatment community, fail to reduce their substance use, or resume use following treatment. It is however important to recognize that adolescents p...