Liberalism is a political theory that maintains the rationality of human nature. Assuming that humans are reasonable and freethinking should be given the opportunity to fulfil their economic potential. Liberalism rational view on human nature lends itself to the economic theory of capitalism. In th...

Liberalism is the political philosophy emphasizing the value of individual liberty and the role of the state in protecting the rights of its citizens. The idea of liberalism meant specific individual freedoms such as: freedom of press, freedom on speech, freedom of assembly, and freedom from arbitra...

There have been many struggles amongst the different social classes in France that lead to reforms of all different sorts. Social movements, such as industrialization, were the cause of many reforms. Industrialization influenced the lifestyles of the lower and mid classes in nineteenth century Franc...

After the French Revolution, the second half of the nineteenth century was dominated by science and industrialization. New ideas began to form in the progressively secular culture. "Realism, positivism, Darwinism, Marxism, and liberalism all reacted against romantic, religious, and metaphysi...

From ancient times until well into the nineteenth century, people were often considered subjects (not citizens) of their states and countries. The people wanted to see a change, which is why socialism was discovered. Socialism focused its aim on economic, political, and social justice for all people...