Discussion of Scaffolding What is Instructional Scaffolding (IS)? According to Dr. Hope Hartman, "scaffolds" – the kind used in construction – are "temporary structures" provide physical support to workers while they work on jobs off the ground that would "other...

What did you do yesterday? What did you do on the same day a year ago? Ten years ago? It is highly probable that you cannot recall what you were doing on a specific date ten years you, you have forgotten. The phenomenon of forgetting is an important topic to investigate as it can give us a further u...

Coursebooks are considered a very important element in teaching languages. 'Using coursebooks appropriately is an art which becomes clearer with experience' (Harmer(b) 306). Rationale for using coursebooks Coursebooks play a major role in the classroom. They work as a learning reso...