Many readers follow Descartes with fascination and pleasure as he contends in the midst of all the skepticism in the first two Meditations. Descartes refutes the skeptics by means of his famous axiom, "cogito, ergo sum". From this premise that a clear consciousness of his thinking prove...

The historical development of religion has taken many turns, ingesting the new ideas of each major philosopher as he questions the ideas put forth by the man or era before him. In this constant questioning and development of ideas, the trend has changed from theism and faith to more rational religi...