Nicholas Copernicus was never supposed to be a revolutionary in the field of revolutions. This Polish merchant's son, groomed to be a church canon, was not the sort of man to be running around changing the world; he was not even published until near his death, in 1543. Copernicus had been pre...

The Power of Physical Findings Questions regarding the origin of mankind have riddled the minds of great thinkers for centuries. All of the authors of the selections we have read rely on different types of evidence to make their arguments about origins. Among these are scripture, observation, mat...

The scientific revolution dated back to the sixteenth century and went through the eighteenth century. The scientific revolution began with the study of astronomy and physics and ended after René Descartes's idea of deductive reasoning. Religious authorities rejected the Cop...

The Renaissance was a time for reform. Renaissance, French for rebirth, describes the intellectual and economic changes that occurred in Europe from the fourteenth through the sixteenth centuries. During this time, Europe emerged from the economic decline of the Middle Ages and experienced a ti...

Pascal builds his argument in "Man and the Universe" out of a series of paradoxes, seemingly contradictory truths. In writing, "Man and the Universe," Pascal reflected his views on what is our place in the world as human beings. Pascal's writing shows a harmony be...

Robert Boyle Robert Boyle was born in Ireland in the county of Waterford in the city of Lismore on the 25th of January 1627. His father Richard Boyle, Earl of Cork, had left England in 1588. Robert's mother, Catherine Fenton Boyle, was Richard's second wife. Robert was the seventh ...

The human conceptualization of the solar system dates back to the beginning of time. The early Egyptians worshipped the sun as a source of life and then the area called space was becoming a curiosity to humans. Throughout history, our knowledge of the solar system has increased and there is stil...

Throughout history there have been many attempts to explain the origin and workings of our universe. Most every culture has their own cosmogony. Nearly every individual has his or her own idea of what our universe is. During our modern era of advanced scientific knowledge, we feel that we have...

With his discoveries, Anaxamander of Miletus attempted to bring the realm of the unreal to the world where common man could conceive it. As successor and pupil of Thales of Miletus, Anaxamander worked on the fields of geometry, natural science, and astrology. The culmination of his life attempte...

Throughout history there have been many attempts to explain the origin and workings of our universe. Most every culture has their own cosmogony. Nearly every individual has his or her own idea of what our universe is. During our modern era of advanced scientific knowledge, we feel that we have a goo...

What was so enlightened about the enlightenment? Where is the evidence of how it enlightened anybody? The enlightenment was a period where previous notions of our world were disregarded and new views adopted in their place. Authority no longer came from divine scripture, ancient philosophers, or th...

Galileo Galilei was an Italian philosopher, physicist and astronomer. Considered the father of modern astronomy he was the first to observe and see the solar system as no one has before. He was a teacher of mathematics and physics at the universities of Pisa and Padua. Galileo was a distinguish...

The full implications of Copernicanism could be considered to have only emerged within the last century, sustained by the arrival of Quantum Mechanics and the breakdown of religious, political and ideological eschatology. Its principles can be seen to lead directly to the homogeneous and isotropic F...

Putting the Allegory of the Cave into my own words seems comparable to the Christian idea of using the lord's name in vain. First, I'd like to introduce a phenomenon I have observed throughout my life time. I call it soul resonance. Bear with me here. When two objects emit sympathetic vibrati...

Putting the Allegory of the Cave into my own words seems comparable to the Christian idea of using the lord's name in vain. First, I'd like to introduce a phenomenon I have observed throughout my life time. I call it soul resonance. Bear with me here. When two objects emit sympathetic vibration...

THE BEGINNING OF ASTRONOMY Early races believed that the earth was flat and stationary, with the sky rotating round it once a day. The early races also believed things that sound weird to us today like the Vedic priests of India believed that the earth was supported upon 12 massive pillars and duri...

THE BEGINNING OF ASTRONOMY Early races believed that the earth was flat and stationary, with the sky rotating round it once a day. The early races also believed things that sound weird to us today like the Vedic priests of India believed that the earth was supported upon 12 massive pillars and duri...

When Newton saw an apple drop from an apple tree he had an epiphany. That epiphany was the concept of gravity. Even though no one before Newton had ever thought of gravity, it had always existed and had always made apples drop from trees. Newton "discovered" and put a name to the conce...

The Kalam Cosmological Argument The major modern proponent of the 'kalam cosmological argument', William Lane Craig, sets out the argument as follows: 1. Whatever began to exist has a cause of its existence. 2. The universe began to exist. 3. Therefore, the universe has a cause of...